Microbial enzymes for sustainable development - future guidelines

Abstract

Pollution of the environment is a significant threat to the health of humans and other living things. Traditional pollutant removal methods are ineffective at reducing pollution levels to acceptable levels. For pollutant remediation, biological methods are preferred due to their greater efficiency and biocompatibility. Bioremediation is the term for these low-cost, environmentally friendly methods of reducing pollution. Enzymes play the most important role in bioremediation methods. PAHs, azo dyes, polymers, organocyanides, lead, chromium, and mercury are among the organic and inorganic pollutants that enzymes can help to eliminate. Various enzymes from various species have been isolated. Recently, various enzymes isolated from various species have been used for pollutant bioremediation. Cytochrome P450s, laccases, hydrolases, dehalogenases, dehydrogenases, proteases, and lipases are some of the most common enzymes involved in bioremediation, and they have shown promise in the degradation of polymers, aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds, dyes, detergents, agrochemical compounds, and others. Mechanisms like oxidation, reduction, elimination, and ring-opening have aided recent advancements in the use of microbial enzymes for bioremediation.