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    Phythomedical and Public Health Importance of Ripe Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seed on Bacterial Infections of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
    (Nigerian Society for Microbiology, 9th Annual Zonal Symposium; NAU ‘24, 2024) Ezenwa C.M,; Obum -Nnadi C.N.; Nwachukwu I.O; Njoku-Obi T.N.
    Bioactive Effect of ripe pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was studied. The bioactive compounds of seeds extract of Carica papaya was extracted, using water and ethanol, and were investigated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar diffusion method. Result of the antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of ripe paw paw seed showed Staphylococcus aureus had zone of inhibition of 4 mm and 8 mm at 50mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. Escherichia coli had zone of inhibition of 3 mm and 5 mm at 50mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. These organisms showed resistance to 25mg/ml concentration. The antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of ripe paw paw showed Staphylococcus aureus had zone of inhibition of 6 mm, 12 mm and 15 mm at 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. Escherichia coli had zone of inhibition of 5 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm at 25mg/ml 50mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. The aqueous extracts had a MIC of 100mg/ml while the ethanol extract had MIC at 50 mg/ml to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, the demonstration of antibacterial activity against both gram Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is an indication that the plant is a potential source for the production of drugs with a broad spectrum of activity as it showed a comparable result to standard antibiotics. Therefore seeds of ripe pawpaw (Carica papaya) is of high benefits to management of bacterial infection of public health importance.
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    Critical Control Strategies and Challenges of Cryptosporidium and Giardia: A Serious Issue in some African Countries.
    (PPSN South-East Symposium Book of Proceedings 2023, Vol. 1 Page 98-120., 2023-06-21) Ezenwa C. M.,; Obum N. C. N.; Ogomaka, A.I.; Nwachukwu, I.O.; Ojiako, V. U.; Njoku-Obi, T. N.; Kamalu, N.; Ezike, M.,; and Odaghara, C.V.
    Cryptosporidium and Giardia are significant causes of diarrhea and lungs illness. Adequate knowledge of the molecular diversity and geographical distribution of these parasites and the environmental and climatic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of these parasites, globally. This review will confirm that Cryptosporidium is associated with moderate to severe diarrhea and increased mortality in the world and both parasites negatively affect child growth and development. Malnutrition and HIV status are also important contributors to the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia worldwide. Molecular typing of both parasites in humans, domestic animals and wildlife to date indicates a complex picture of both anthroponotic, zoonotic, and spill-back transmission cycles that require further investigation. For Cryptosporidium, the only available drug (Nitazoxanide) is ineffective in HIV and malnourished individuals and therefore more effective drugs are a high priority. Several classes of drugs with good efficacy exist for Giardia, but dosing regimens are suboptimal and emerging resistance threatens clinical utility. Climate change and population growth are also predicted to increase both malnutrition and the prevalence of these parasites in water sources. Dedicated and co-ordinate commitments from African governments involving “One Health” initiatives with multidisciplinary teams of veterinarians, microbiologist, medical workers, relevant government authorities, and public health specialists working together are essential to control and prevent the burden of diseases caused by these parasites.
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    Assessing E-Examination By The Joint Admissions And Matriculation Board (JAMB) For Enhanced Human Capital Development In Nigeria
    (Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies, 2026-03-24) Ademeso Tosin Success; Yusuf Lawal
    The use of electronic examinations (E examinations) by the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) in Nigeria signifies a substantial transition towards using technology to improve educational evaluation and human capital advancement. Since its shift to computer-based testing (CBT) in 2015, JAMB's Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination. This study evaluates the impact of E examinations on the advancement of human capital development in Nigeria, concentrating on the concerns, effects, obstacles, and enhancement measures related to the implementation of JAMB. The research utilises a mixed methods approach, integrating primary data from surveys and interviews with JAMB officials, UTME candidates, and stakeholders, as well as an analysis of secondary sources. The research underscores the necessity for strategic measures, such as improving CBT centres, augmenting broadband infrastructure, executing nationwide awareness initiatives, and reinforcing policy enforcement. Rooted in Human Capital Theory, the study emphasises the significance of reliable assessments in promoting skill enhancement and economic output. Recommendations underscore the need to rectify infrastructural deficiencies and enhance stakeholder participation to optimise E-examinations for national advancement. By addressing current deficiencies, JAMB can improve the integrity and inclusiveness of its evaluation system, hence advancing Nigeria's human capital development objectives.
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    Affirmative Action And Genders Quality In Nigeria: A Study Of The 35 Percent Policy
    (Journal of Philosophy and Contemporary Issues, 2025-12-29) Ademeso Tosin Success; Princess Omobolanle Ogundiran
    This study critically examines the role of affirmative action in fostering gender equality in Nigeria, with a particular focus on the 35 Percent Affirmative Action Policy (35% AAP). Introduced to mitigate entrenched gender disparities in political participation and representation, the policy’s progress has been uneven and fraught with challenges. This paper delves into the historical context, the implementation dynamics, and the socio political barriers impeding the policy's success. By employing a mixed-methods approach, the findings highlights the policy’s limited successes in increasing female political participation while underscoring systemic obstacles such as weak legal enforcement and cultural resistance. The study advocates for strengthening institutional frameworks, enhancing public awareness campaigns, and fostering community engagement to overcome these barriers. The research contributes significantly to understanding affirmative action’s potential and limitations in promoting gender equality, offering actionable insights for policymakers, scholars, and advocates.
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    Nigeria'S Technical Aid Corps (TAC) And Cultural Diplomacy In The Global South: Opportunities, Obstacles, And Future Directions.
    (UAR Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (UARJMS), 2025-12-21) Ademeso Tosin Success
    This study examines Nigeria's Technical Aid Corps (TAC) and its role in promoting cultural diplomacy in the Global South. Established in 1987, the TAC is a development cooperation programme that provides technical assistance and training to developing countries, primarily in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific. Through a qualitative case study approach, this research investigates the opportunities and obstacles faced by the TAC in promoting cultural diplomacy, and explores future directions for the programme. The study reveals that the TAC has made significant contributions to cultural diplomacy in the Global South, fostering cooperation, understanding, and mutual respect among nations. However, the programme faces challenges such as inadequate funding, limited capacity, and bureaucratic hurdles. The study also identifies opportunities for the TAC to enhance its impact, including leveraging Nigeria's rich cultural heritage, strengthening partnerships with regional organizations, and adopting innovative approaches to development cooperation. The study concludes that the TAC has the potential to play a more significant role in promoting cultural diplomacy and development cooperation in the Global South, but requires strategic reforms and support to overcome existing challenges. The study recommends that the Nigerian government prioritize funding and capacity building for the TAC, and that the programme adopts a more proactive and innovative approach to cultural diplomacy. This research contributes to the literature on cultural diplomacy, development cooperation, and Nigeria's foreign policy, providing insights and recommendations for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars.