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    SMALL-SCALE MAIZE FARMERS’ ACCESS TO AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN ABUJA, NIGERIA
    (2022) NWAOKIKE, Gold Amarachi
    This study examined small-scale farmers’ access to agricultural extension services in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. The study used multistage sampling technique to select (375) respondents, 373 was finally used for the analysis. Primary data were collected with the use of well-structured questionnaire. The analytical techniques used were both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results of the analysis on the perception of the effectiveness of agricultural extension services showed the following mean score: improvement in maize farming activities (3.50), improvement in access to information on herbicides and pesticides (3.29), access to training on better ways of farming (3.13), access to timely information on new farming innovations (3.11), access to information on modern farm practices (3.11), access to information on fertilizer (2.90), formation of farm-based organization like cooperative societies (2.82) and access to modern farm equipment (2.72), were the most effective agricultural extension services received by the farmers. Also, the result of the Logit model showed that age of the respondents (z = -2.23), maize output (z = 2.37), farm size (z = -2.00), and membership of cooperative societies (z = 2.11) were the variables that statistically influenced access to agricultural extension services at 5% level of probability among small-scale maize farmers in the study area. The Wald chi-square was significant at 5% level of probability which means that, the Logit model has strong explanatory power. The major constraints militating against access to agricultural extension services showed the following mean score: inadequate access to farm inputs (3.65), inadequate motivation from government (3.51), transportation problem (3.44), late distribution of inputs from extension agents (3.03) and insufficient agricultural extension personnel (2.79). The study therefore recommended that the scope of Agricultural extension Service be expanded so as to accommodate a larger proportion of the farmers who appears to be in their peak age of production. In order to accomplish this, small-scale maize farmers are therefore encouraged to form themselves into cooperative societies and associations so as to access agricultural extension services and other farm resources. Furthermore, there is need to increase the number of agricultural extension personnel in order to accommodate more farmers.
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    ASSESSMENT OF NIGERIA’S FOREIGN POLICY UNDER PRESIDENT GOODLUCK JONATHAN, 2010-2015
    (2023) INENGITE, Thomas Augustine
    This study examines Nigeria’s Foreign Policy under President Goodluck Jonathan: 2010-2015. The study analysed the foreign policy thrust of Goodluck Jonathan, its impact on National Development and challenges that hindered economic growth. The broad objective of this study is to critically assess Nigeria’s foreign policy under Goodluck Jonathan’s and to determine its impact on her foreign relations. In other to have a comprehensive analysis and understanding of the focus of the study, three (3) theories (Decision-making theory, Linkage Theory and Soft Power) were considered as a framework of analysis, however, Soft Power Theory was adopted as the most suitable. The study also made use of the primary and secondary data which involved structured and unstructured interview and document analysis as its research methodology, while the qualitative descriptive analysis and simple percentage was employed to analyse data generated. One of the major findings of this study was that although Nigeria was embroiled in issues that threatened her national security, creating perception that had devastating effects on Nigeria’s image and external relations, however, no government is either extremely bad or perfect and since good governance is a process, the Jonathan administration made significant landmark in projecting Nigeria foreign policy both in Africa and in the Global world. The study therefore concludes that Nigeria policy initiatives of Jonathan was focused more than ever before on Nigeria’s domestic priorities especially as captured in Jonathan’s agenda it was however bedevilled by several domestic factors. The study therefore recommends the goal of Nigeria’s foreign policy should aim at addressing our domestic problems in other to project Nigeria as a soft power in Africa and in the global world, and Government must also ensure consistency, transparency and accountability in governance, this would impact positively in its foreign policy.
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    EFFECT OF LEARNING ACTIVITY PACKAGE (LAP) ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT AND RETENTION IN BIOLOGY IN OWERRI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, IMO STATE, NIGERIA.
    (2022) OBI, Felicia Ngozi
    This study investigated the effect of Learning Activity Package (LAP) on students’ academic achievement and retention in Biology in secondary schools in Owerri North Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria. The design of the study was quasi- experimental, pre-test posttest 2x2x2 factorial design. Six research questions and four null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The sample size for the study comprised one hundred and sixty (160) SS1 students from four co-educational secondary schools in the study area. For even representation, simple random sampling technique (balloting) was used to draw four schools from the 13 co- educational secondary schools in the Local Government Area. Simple random sampling technique (toss of coin) was used to draw one intact class from each of the four schools that formed the experimental and control groups. The Instrument for data collection was the researcher developed 30-item Biology Achievement Test (BAT). The BAT was validated by the supervisor and experts from the Department of Educational Foundations, University of Abuja. The instrument was subjected to a reliability test using Kuder-Richardson 20 (K-R 20) statistic and it yielded a reliability co-efficient of 0.62. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions while Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study revealed among other things that: the students taught Biology using lecture method achieved higher than those taught using Learning Activity Package; there is no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of SS 1 students taught Biology using LAP and those taught using lecture method; and there is no significant difference in the mean achievement scores of male and female SS 1 students taught Biology using LAP. The study recommended among other things that: teachers should combine both traditional method and innovative methods in teaching Biology concepts; and while laying emphasis on learner-centred teaching methods; curriculum planners should still know that teacher-centred methods are still effective in teaching and learning.
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    TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND RISK ANALYSIS OF CATFISH FARMERS IN ONDO STATE, NIGERIA
    (2022) ABBAS, Asiru Monday
    The study focused on technical efficiency and risk analysis of Catfish farmers in Ondo State. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to select 171 Catfish farmers for the study using well-structured questionnaires. Data obtained were analyzed using the Tobit regression model, the net farm income analysis, the stochastic frontier production model, the multinomial logit model and descriptive statistics. The results of the study showed that 70 per cent of the Catfish farmers were within the productive and active age group of 20-49 years old. About 67.25% of the Catfish farmers had tertiary education, 77.19% of them made use of earthen ponds in culturing their fish. The net farm income analysis showed that a kilogramme of food size Catfish was sold for ₦938.96 while the total cost of production was ₦952.30 leading to a loss of ₦13.34 per kilogramme of food size Catfish. The estimates of the Tobit regression analysis indicated that variables such as feed (t = 4.88), fish seeds (t = 10.06) and labour (t = 8.59) were positive and significantly contributed to Catfish production. The maximum likelihood estimates of the stochastic frontier production analysis revealed that variables such as pond size (t = 2.809), fish seeds (t = 14.065), feed (t = 9.548) and labour (t = 8.915) were significant and had direct relationship with the quantity of Catfish output produced. The result of the multinomial logit model showed that educational level as an independent variable increased the likelihood of Catfish famers’ risk aversion relative to the reference group (risk neutral group). Risk attitude analysis revealed that 76.02% of the Catfish farmers were risk takers, 15.21% were risk-averse and 8.77% were risk neutral. Major problems confronting Catfish farmers in the study area were high cost of feed (96.49%), diseases and parasites (59.06%), and inadequate capital (57.31%). In order to reduce the exorbitant cost of feeding Catfish, alternative feeds (such as insects (maggot), tilapia etc.) to imported conventional feeds are hereby recommended. Catfish farmers are enjoined to seek the advice of aquaculture experts in treating the diseases and parasites of their fish. It is also recommended that financial institutions should be willing in granting loan to Catfish farmers and feed producers at a reduced interest rate but with adequate monitoring. Access to loan will enable farmers to increase their scale of production and adopt modern technologies in Catfish production.
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    IMPACT ANALYSIS OF INCLUSIVE FISHERY ACTIVITIES ON FISHERY OUTPUT: CASE STUDY OF KAINJI LAKE BASIN, NIGERIA
    (2023) LANDU Ebenezer Jibril
    The study analyzed the impact of inclusive fishery activities on fishery output: case study of Kainji lake basin, Nigeria. Primary data collection covered Kainji lake basin in Niger state, Nigeria. Poisson and Ordinary least squares regression methods was adopted to analyze the relationship between employment, output, savings and income of inclusive artisanal and aquaculture fisheries activity. The finite sample size respondents of 344 artisanal fishers and 275 aquaculture fish farmers were used to establish the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The baseline result shows that inclusive fishery output has significant effect on the area under the study. Statistical significance of the result shows a positive relationship between inclusive fishery output and employment(labour), age of respondents, years of experience and initial capital for artisanal fishery and a similar relationship shows a relationship between output and employment, age of respondents, number of harvest, and number of ponds. The ordinary least squares result shows a positive relationship between savings and income with a variability of 93.52 for artisanal fishers and a variability of 50.11 for aquaculture farmers. Summary statistic shows average years of experience of 6-10 was 42.6%, average marital status of 64%, average maximum employment of 16 respondents, average maximum age of 60year and average maximum years of experience of 15.5year. The study was able to show that there is a positive relationship between income and savings of fishers and a positive impact between inclusive fishery output and employment under the study area. The study suggests amongst other things that the government should pay more attention on inclusive fishery output growth concept which will increase the contribution of inclusive fishery sector to the gross domestic product which will diversify Nigeria’s economy. The government should also provide adequate and basic infrastructure (good roads, pipe borne water, formal education) in the rural area in order to make infrastructures equitable for the rural poor. Productive activities and production output data of inclusive fishery activity should be adequately captured in the annual statistical bulletin. The government should also increase targeted empowerment for fishery respondents.