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    Effect of Spice Treatment on the Proximate Composition of Fish Floss from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
    (Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 2025-10-27) A.M. Orire
    This study investigated the production and proximate composition offish floss from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), with emphasis on the effects of spice treatments on nutritional quality and storage stability. Fresh tilapia samples were processed into floss using standardized methods, with four treatments: control (untreated), ginger, clove, and a ginger—clove combination. Proximate composition was analysed. Results showed that moisture content decreased significantly in the control samples but remained more stable in spiced treatments, suggesting improved shelf-life. Ash and crude fibre levels were higher in spiced treatments, indicating mineral and dietary fibre contributions from spices. Fat content was more stable in spiced floss, supporting the ant oxidative role of ginger and clove, while protein values were better preserved in spiced treatments compared to the control. Carbohydrate levels declined over storage, likely due to non-enzymatic browning and microbial activity. Overall, spiced tilapia floss demonstrated superior nutritional retention and stability compared to the un- spiced sample. The findings highlighted the potential of spice incorporation to enhance the nutrient quality, safety, and shelf-life of value-added fish products.
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    A Critical Evaluation of Abuja’s Environmental Protection Policies and Their Impact on Ordinary Residents: An Islamic Ethical Perspectives
    (Sultan Maccido Institute for Peace, Leadership and Development Studies, University of Abuja, Nigeria, 2025-01-06) Uthman Mohammed Mustapha Kannike
    This study critically examines Abuja’s environmental protection policies, focusing on their impact on ordinary residents such as traders, petty traders, and roadside workers, through the lens of Islamic ethical principles. While these policies aim to address pressing environmental challenges and promote urban sustainability, their enforcement has often resulted in socioeconomic hardships for vulnerable groups, undermining their livelihoods and dignity. Drawing on Islamic ethical principles, including stewardship (khilāfah), justice ('adl), the prohibition of harm (idrār), and the protection of human dignity (karāmah), the research evaluates the extent to which these policies align with Islamic values. Employing a qualitative methodology, the study analyzes policy documents, conducts interviews with affected residents, and reviews relevant Islamic texts. The findings reveal significant gaps in policy implementation, highlighting a lack of inclusive measures and insufficient consideration for the socioeconomic realities of ordinary residents. The study underscores the potential for Islamic ethics to provide a balanced framework for environmental governance, ensuring that policies do not only protect the environment but also uphold social justice and human welfare. Recommendations are proposed for revising Abuja’s environmental policies to integrate Islamic ethical principles, fostering a more equitable and sustainable approach to urban management. This research contributes to the discourse on faith-based approaches to governance and advocates for the harmonization of environmental sustainability with ethical and social imperatives.
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    Phythomedical and Public Health Importance of Ripe Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seed on Bacterial Infections of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
    (Nigerian Society for Microbiology, 9th Annual Zonal Symposium; NAU ‘24, 2024) Ezenwa C.M,; Obum -Nnadi C.N.; Nwachukwu I.O; Njoku-Obi T.N.
    Bioactive Effect of ripe pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was studied. The bioactive compounds of seeds extract of Carica papaya was extracted, using water and ethanol, and were investigated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using the agar diffusion method. Result of the antibacterial effect of aqueous extract of ripe paw paw seed showed Staphylococcus aureus had zone of inhibition of 4 mm and 8 mm at 50mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. Escherichia coli had zone of inhibition of 3 mm and 5 mm at 50mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. These organisms showed resistance to 25mg/ml concentration. The antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of ripe paw paw showed Staphylococcus aureus had zone of inhibition of 6 mm, 12 mm and 15 mm at 25mg/ml, 50mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. Escherichia coli had zone of inhibition of 5 mm, 8 mm and 12 mm at 25mg/ml 50mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. The aqueous extracts had a MIC of 100mg/ml while the ethanol extract had MIC at 50 mg/ml to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In conclusion, the demonstration of antibacterial activity against both gram Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli is an indication that the plant is a potential source for the production of drugs with a broad spectrum of activity as it showed a comparable result to standard antibiotics. Therefore seeds of ripe pawpaw (Carica papaya) is of high benefits to management of bacterial infection of public health importance.
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    Critical Control Strategies and Challenges of Cryptosporidium and Giardia: A Serious Issue in some African Countries.
    (PPSN South-East Symposium Book of Proceedings 2023, Vol. 1 Page 98-120., 2023-06-21) Ezenwa C. M.,; Obum N. C. N.; Ogomaka, A.I.; Nwachukwu, I.O.; Ojiako, V. U.; Njoku-Obi, T. N.; Kamalu, N.; Ezike, M.,; and Odaghara, C.V.
    Cryptosporidium and Giardia are significant causes of diarrhea and lungs illness. Adequate knowledge of the molecular diversity and geographical distribution of these parasites and the environmental and climatic variables that influence their prevalence is important for effective control of infection in at-risk populations, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology of these parasites, globally. This review will confirm that Cryptosporidium is associated with moderate to severe diarrhea and increased mortality in the world and both parasites negatively affect child growth and development. Malnutrition and HIV status are also important contributors to the prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia worldwide. Molecular typing of both parasites in humans, domestic animals and wildlife to date indicates a complex picture of both anthroponotic, zoonotic, and spill-back transmission cycles that require further investigation. For Cryptosporidium, the only available drug (Nitazoxanide) is ineffective in HIV and malnourished individuals and therefore more effective drugs are a high priority. Several classes of drugs with good efficacy exist for Giardia, but dosing regimens are suboptimal and emerging resistance threatens clinical utility. Climate change and population growth are also predicted to increase both malnutrition and the prevalence of these parasites in water sources. Dedicated and co-ordinate commitments from African governments involving “One Health” initiatives with multidisciplinary teams of veterinarians, microbiologist, medical workers, relevant government authorities, and public health specialists working together are essential to control and prevent the burden of diseases caused by these parasites.
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    Assessing E-Examination By The Joint Admissions And Matriculation Board (JAMB) For Enhanced Human Capital Development In Nigeria
    (Journal of Advanced Research and Multidisciplinary Studies, 2026-03-24) Ademeso Tosin Success; Yusuf Lawal
    The use of electronic examinations (E examinations) by the Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) in Nigeria signifies a substantial transition towards using technology to improve educational evaluation and human capital advancement. Since its shift to computer-based testing (CBT) in 2015, JAMB's Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination. This study evaluates the impact of E examinations on the advancement of human capital development in Nigeria, concentrating on the concerns, effects, obstacles, and enhancement measures related to the implementation of JAMB. The research utilises a mixed methods approach, integrating primary data from surveys and interviews with JAMB officials, UTME candidates, and stakeholders, as well as an analysis of secondary sources. The research underscores the necessity for strategic measures, such as improving CBT centres, augmenting broadband infrastructure, executing nationwide awareness initiatives, and reinforcing policy enforcement. Rooted in Human Capital Theory, the study emphasises the significance of reliable assessments in promoting skill enhancement and economic output. Recommendations underscore the need to rectify infrastructural deficiencies and enhance stakeholder participation to optimise E-examinations for national advancement. By addressing current deficiencies, JAMB can improve the integrity and inclusiveness of its evaluation system, hence advancing Nigeria's human capital development objectives.