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    Enhancing hypertension education of community health extension workers in Nigeria’s federal capital territory: the impact of the extension for community healthcare outcomes model on primary care, a quasi-experimental study
    (BMC Primary Care, 2024) Ojji, D.B
    Background Healthcare workers (HCWs) including community health extension workers (CHEWs) in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria participated in a hypertension training series following the Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes (ECHO) model which leverages technology and a practical peer-to-peer learning framework to virtually train healthcare practitioners. We sought to evaluate the patient-level effects of the hypertension ECHO series. Methods HCWs from 12 of 33 eligible primary healthcare centers (PHCs) in the Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program (NCT04158154) were selected to participate in a seven-part hypertension ECHO series from August 2022 to April 2023. Concurrent Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program patient data were used to evaluate changes in hypertension treatment and control rates, and adherence to Nigeria’s hypertension treatment protocol. Outcomes were compared between the 12 PHCs in the ECHO program and the 21 which were not. Results Between July 2022 and June 2023, 16,691 PHC visits were documented among 4340 individuals (ECHO: n=1428 [33%], non-ECHO: n=2912 [67%]). Patients were on average (SD) 51.5 (12.0) years old, and one-third were male (n=1372, 32%) with no differences between cohorts in either characteristic (p≥0.05 for both). Blood pressures at enrollment were higher in the ECHO cohort compared to the non-ECHO cohort (systolic p<0.0001 and diastolic p=0.0001), and patients were less likely to be treated with multiple medications (p<0.0001). Treatment rates were similar at baseline (ECHO: 94.0% and Non-ECHO: 94.7%) and increased at a higher rate (interaction p=0.045) in the ECHO cohort over time. After adjustment for baseline and within site variation, the difference was attenuated (interaction p=0.37). Over time, control rates increased and medication protocol adherence decreased, with no differences between cohorts. Staffing levels, adult patient visits, and rates of hypertension screening and empanelment were similar between ECHO and non-ECHO cohorts (p≥0.05 for all). Conclusions The ECHO series was associated with moderately increased hypertension treatment rates and did not adversely affect staffing or clinical capacity among PHCs in the Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. These results may be used to inform strategies to support scaling hypertension education among frontline HCWs throughout Nigeria, and use of the ECHO model for CHEWs. Trial Registration The Hypertension Treatment in Nigeria Program was prospectively registered on November 8, 2019 at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04158154; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04158154).
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    Freedom of Information Handbook for Law Clinics
    (Network of University Legal Aid Institutions, 2015) Mukhtar Nasiru
    Freedom of Information Handbook for Law Clinics has been written to provide a guide to law teachers, law students and other persons working in the Law Clinics, human rights, access to justice and governance projects and programmes in Nigeria. The Handbook provides a basic text for the training of law teachers, students, supervisors and other actors on the use of the Freedom of Information Act. It includes a detailed curriculum and lessons on Freedom of Information. Since this is an emerging subject with limited judicial intervention, few judicial decisions published on the website of the Right to Know-R2K have been included (with R2K’s permission) in this volume. The Handbook is written by experienced law clinicians in Nigeria. Teachers, students and other governance trainers and users will find this handbook very useful.
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    Energy Politics: Analysing The Political Economy of Gas Supply Using the Western and Eastern Corridor Models - Lessons for the West African, and Trans – Sahara Corridors
    (Abuja Journal of Private and Comparative Law (AJPCL), 2012) Mukhtar Nasiru
    Contemporary global economy is premised upon energy consumption. Energy security is a cardinal consideration in the foreign policy of both major exporters and importers of energy. The race for energy sources puts some exporting states in position to affect energy security in states that depend on them for energy supply. Here is an analysis of how Russia has used her energy position to affect balance of power in Europe. The Western and Eastern Corridors in Europe are used as models, while making a case for the West African, and Trans – Sahara Corridors.
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    State Pursuit of Sovereignty over Petroleum Resources: An Analysis of Auxiliary Paradigms in International Petroleum Contracts
    (UNIMAID Journal of Public Law, 2014) Mukhtar Nasiru
    The ownership of petroleum resources and the dialectics of their exploration and exploitation has, ever since, been a subject of international law. State sovereignty has been a factor in delineating the basis of entrepreneurial interactions between Governments of oil producing countries and the Multinational Oil Corporations (MNOCs). While the host Governments aim at maximum development and utilization of their State-owned resources for both domestic revenue and foreign exchange earnings, the MNOCs on the other hand, are ready to part with their risk capital, technological and managerial expertise as well as marketing outlets in the quest for a fair return to their investment. In the relationship between these two, a form of a legal arrangement is imperative to ensure the attainment of their distinct objectives in a mutually acceptable manner. It is this situation that brought about the proliferation of different legal arrangements ranging from traditional Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the Concession Agreements that dominated the first part of petroleum extraction regime until the 1950s to the relatively new types of contracts such as Joint Ventures, Participation Agreements, Production Sharing Contracts and Risk Service Agreements. This paper attempts to view the fragile relations that ensue between the Host Governments of oil rich states and the Multinational Oil Corporations (MNOCs) within the prism of international law concept of State Sovereignty over natural resources and the international petroleum contracts and negotiation strategies of the foreign multinationals.
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    Domestication of the Kampala Convention: Analysing the Gaps in the Legal Framework for the Protection of IDPs in Nigeria
    (African Journal of Legal Research [AJLR], 2023) Mukhtar Nasiru
    Simply put, internal displacement is a state of affairs where people are forced to leave their original settlement as a result of natural or man-made factors. One of the major problems the world is facing in this century is how to control the triggers for displacement and forced migration. There are alarming statistics showing the magnitude of the problem. The demographic characteristics of these populations indicate high number of women and children. Although there are global efforts to contain the phenomenon of displacement and forced migration, the problem seems to defy the solutions. The focus of this paper is to examine the problem of internal displacement in Nigeria; identify the existing legal framework relevant to the protection of internally displaced persons; to assess whether these norms adequately cover the displaced persons’ needs for protection and assistance and to suggest the potency of the Kampala Convention as a possible solution. The methodology employed to achieve the above set of objectives is a desk top review of the existing laws and policies for the protection of internally displaced persons both at the national and international levels. The findings in this paper revealed that internal displacement and forced migration has taken a centre stage in the global arena and is directly affecting global political, social, environmental and economic dynamics. In Africa particularly, the problem has engendered dire consequences for many countries as a result of persistent internal conflicts. This paper recommends that the Kampala convention has provided enhanced protection and assistance for IDPs and Nigeria should domesticate and operationalise the Convention in order to secure a solid prevention and protection framework for the huge number of displaced persons in IDP camps scattered all over the country.