Department of Microbiology

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Anaerobic digestion and agricultural application of organic wastes
(Advances in Environmental Research, 2018) Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun
The anaerobically digestion and agricultural application of organic wastes was conducted using food wastes and cow dung. Twenty kilograms each of the feed stocks was added into two 30 liters-capacity batch digesters. The anaerobic digestion was carried out within a temperature range of 25-31°C for a retention time of 51 days. The results showed a cumulative gas yield of 5.0 bars for food waste and no gas production for cow dung within the retention time. Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Clostridium sp were isolated. Fungi isolated included Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulan, Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton flocossum. The nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analysis of the biogas produced confirmed that the gas consisted of CH4, CO2 and H2. Statistical analysis revealed there was no significant correlation between temperature and biogas produced from the organic wastes (r= 0.177, p = 0.483).The organic wastes from the biogas production process stimulated maize growth when compared to control (soil without organic waste) and indicated maximum height. The study therefore reveals that food waste as potential substrates for biogas production has a moderate bio-fertilizer potential for improving plant growth and yield when added to soil.
ANAMMOX in Wastewater Treatment
(Springer Singapore, 2021) Aransiola S.A.
Water is a universal solvent that is used both for domestic and commercial purposes. Used water is referred to as wastewater which is released in a varying quantity of volumes to the environment. Wastewater could be point source or non-point source. This water consists of wastes, solid, liquid and gaseous. Ammonia, also known as NH3, is a colourless gas with a discrete odour and a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, but when the compressed liquid of anhydrous ammonia gets into the atmosphere, it turns into a dangerous gas. In order to minimize these effects, both biological and physico-chemical technologies have been applied in the elimination of ammonium from wastewaters for a long period; however, these methods are not very effective in the removal of this ammonium, in accordance to the stringent discharge standards; hence, more effective technologies are called out, and one of these effective and efficient technologies is referred to as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX). ANAMMOX process is an economical and energy-saving biotechnology that encompasses a great potential in the treatment of ammonium-rich wastewaters, especially after its successful case in the treatment of sludge digest liquids. This chapter is therefore written to focus on ANAMMOX organisms, their applications in wastewater treatment and their advantages and disadvantages.
Assessment of Water Contamination in Nigeria-Review
(Journal of Basic and Applied Research International, 2016) Aransiola, S.A.
Human exercises including industrialization and agricultural practices contributes significantly to the degradation and contamination of environment which contrarily affects the water bodies (streams and sea) that is a need forever. Universally, water contamination is a noteworthy issue far and wide. However aquatic resources comprises of greatly extensive variety of flora and fauna resources which offer an expansive exhibit of products with potential utilitarian application in farming and industries which renders profitable advantages and services. The slow poising of the waters is seen in Nigeria and the decimation of vegetation and agricultural land by industrial effluents release, agricultural release and oil spills. Regardless of general society and worldwide organizations' arrangement concentrate on this issue, the circumstance in Nigeria appears deteriorating and in this manner requests earnest and prompt considerations.
Bacterial biofilm formation and anti-biofilm strategies
(Research in Microbiology, 2024) Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun
Bacteria are ubiquitous prokaryotes. They are involved in biofilm formation and also have the ability to produce anti-biofilm products for biofilm mitigation. This special issue entitled: “Biofilms- community structure, applications and mitigation” of the journal Research in Microbiology was designed to discuss the flexibility of bacterial biofilms and their products under particular circumstances. Given that quorum sensing (QS) controls biofilm growth in some situations, especially for pathogenic bacteria antibiotic evading strategies. In Gram-negative bacteria, N-acyl homoserine lactones are the major quorum sensing signaling molecules. Another approach to prevent bacterial biofilm formation may be to inhibit the QS-regulated activities using quorum quenching (QQ). In this context, QS inhibitors and QS enzymes are important because they, respectively, interfere with signal creation, perception, or degradation and chemical modification. There have been numerous reports of QQ enzymes from bacteria. Treatment failure and recurrent staphylococcal infections are also brought on by biofilm development, which boosts an organism's ability to withstand antibiotics and is thought to be a virulence factor in patients. However, polyphenol quercetin antibiofilm activity is naturally available against drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Bio-decolourization of Basic Fuchsin dye by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Salt water and Palm wine
(Journal of Biology and Nature, 2015) Aransiola, S.A.
In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine and salt water was used to degrade 20 mg basic fuchsin dye for a period of 12 days under aerobic condition in 250 mL, 500 mL and 750 mL mineral salt media. The degree of decolorization of basic fuchsin was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer with absorbance of 620 nm. At the end of twelve days, 60.39%, 41.29% and 24.47% (for Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from salt water) basic fuchsin decolorization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae were recorded and 72.61%, 48.88% and 33.92% (for Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine) basic fuchsin decolorization by the same organism were recorded in 250 mL, 500 mL and 750 mL concentrations at pH 6.5, respectively. The results suggest the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the treatment of waste water containing basic fuchsin.
Bio-Removal of Vat Dye from Textile Effluent by Candida tropicalis and Candida apis Isolated from Soil
(Expert Opin Environl Biol., 2015) Aransiola, S.A
The bio-removal of textile effluent (Vat dye) by yeasts isolated from soil was studied. A total of 5 yeasts were isolated and identified from soil (using morphological and biochemical characterization) to remove vat dye from textile effluent. These isolates were screened by inoculating them into 500 ml conical flask each containing sterile mineral salt media and 20 mg of vat dye. Of these isolates, Candida tropicalis and Candida apis stood out as potential dye decolorizes after incubation. Candida apis and Candida tropicalis removed 90.6% and 84.1% of color from the textile effluent after incubating for 25 days at 37º C. The textile effluent treated had initial high concentration of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Nitrate, above the standard acceptable limit which is an indication of high contamination. All the isolates used performed efficiently in reducing the concentration of these parameters in the textile effluent at neutral pH of 7.0. The Yeast isolates (Candida apis and Candida tropicalis) exhibited good potentials in the treatment of textile effluent. Candiada apis reduced the BOD from 1,425 mg/l to 272 mg/l COD from 3,550 mg/l to 679 mg/l while the Nitrate was reduced from 255 mg/l to 65 mg/l and Candida tropicalis reduced the BOD from 1,425 mg/l to 312 mg/L, the COD was reduced from 3,550 mg/l to 780 mg/l and the Nitrate was reduced from 255 mg/l to 78 mg/L. These microbial isolates can be recommended as good candidates for treatment of waste water, especially textile waste water.
Bioactive Compounds of Insects for Food Use: Potentialities and Risks
(Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 2023) Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun
Insects are an alternative source of human and animal food that not only have nutritional characteristics and important bioactive compounds, but also can help reduce the impact of chronic non-communicable diseases; thus, derivatives from insects are a great contribution to the food and pharmaceutical industry. The aim of the present work was to highlight the chemical composition, main bioactive compounds, and anti-nutritional factors present in some insects and their applications as raw materials in the food and pharmaceutical industry through the analysis of different studies. Results indicated that entomophagy was included in the diet of many regions in the world and that it is going to become a significant component in the food industry. It was also found that bioactive compounds with potential functional properties within the chemical composition of insects such as an appropriate digestibility between 54 % and 86 %, peptides between 35 % and 77 % and other nutrients such as proteins and carbohydrates that can be a great contribution to nutrition and reduce the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Global agencies are of the opinion that edible insects are the viable option to over the food scarcity. However, use of food matrices from insects raises safety issues, such as anti-nutritional factors allergenicity and capacity to harbor toxins such as oxalates, tannins, alkaloids, phytates and saponins or pathogens and heavy metal. Insights presented in this work are useful to insect business (such as farmers, producers of edible insect products and consultants), researchers, and policy makers. Such insights can be an initiative for insect food companies in many ways, such as to forge collaborations with different bodies (researchers, peoples, government), improve perception of insect consumption, promote market acceptance, identify new and native edible insect species, make ecologically sustainable insect food companies, produce nutritious and delicious insect-based foods, etc.
Biofilms of Pathogenic Bacteria and Emerging Antibiofilm Strategies.
(Qhalikay. Journal of health sciences, 2022) Aransiola, S.A.
Biofilms act as physical barriers to the immune system and drugs used by the host, resulting in antimicrobial resistance. Biofilms reduce the chances of eradicating infections and can result in relapses and backsliding after conventional treatment. Biofilms have a big impact on food safety in the food industry; many foodborne outbreaks have been linked to pathogenic bacteria that can form a biofilm. Biofilm-associated infections can cause not only severe symptoms but also serious side effects and even death. The findings of an experimental study of pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus forming biofilms are presented in this article. The process of biofilm formation and its development phases were displayed with preserved architectonics using light and scanning electron microscopes. The amount of biofilm formed was influenced by the growth medium as well as the incubation conditions and time. Biofilmforming microbes are a common cause of complicated and recurrent diseases, and they are usually linked to multidrug-resistant bacteria, which account for nearly 80% of all refractory nosocomial infections. Medical device- and tissue-associated biofilm infections are two types of biofilm infections. Understanding the pathogenesis and factors that contribute to biofilm formation, as well as the disruption and dispersal mechanisms of biofilms, will aid in the development of improved anti-biofilm strategies. Overall, this literature review can serve as a single source of information about microbial biofilm formation and mitigation strategies, which could be extremely useful to biofilm researchers.
Biological Treatment of Textile Effluent Using Candida zeylanoides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Soil.
(Advances in Biology, 2014) Aransiola, S.A.
This study evaluates the efficacy of yeasts isolated from soil in the treatment of textile wastewater. Two yeast species were isolated from soil; they were identified as Candida zeylanoides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeasts were inoculated into fask containing effluent and incubated for 15 days. Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the most significant treatment capacity with a 66% reduction in BOD; this was followed closely by Candida zeylanoides with 57.3% reduction in BOD and a consortium of the two species showed the least remediation potential of 36.9%. The use of Saccharomy cescerevisiae and Candida zeylanoides in treatment of textile waste water will help to limit the adverse environmental and health implications associated with disposal of untreated effluent into water bodies.
Bioremediation of Toxic Pesticides in Soil Using Microbial Products.
(Springer Cham, 2021) Abioye O.P., Ijah U.J.J., Aransiola S.A., Auta S.H., Ojeba M.I.
Environmental contamination is increasing day by day and hence new systems should be developed for its remediation. Therefore, we attempt to depend much on manageable approaches to treat contamination. Bioremediation is one such encouraging procedure in which microorganisms are utilized for the treatment of environmental pollutants and can be characterized as environmental reaction to environmental abuse. Bioremediation deals with environmental restoration of the already contaminated environments and with the cleaning of regions that have been contaminated as of late, due to the production, storage, transport, and utilization of chemicals. Among these chemicals, pesticides are exceptionally significant as they are widely utilized to increase the yield and quality of crops by protecting them. Likewise, pesticides have turned into an important component of current agribusiness. However, nonstop use of pesticides prompts degradation of the air. Pesticides have turned into a noteworthy contaminant of atmosphere, water, soil, and vegetables. Microorganism and their by-products (e.g., enzyme, toxin, crystal protein, pigments, and biosurfactants) play a significant role in preserving the environment by degrading chemical wastes and xenobiotic compounds that have becomes toxicants.
Bioremoval of Zinc in Polluted Soil using Acalypha inferno
(Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2015) Aransiola, S.A
This study was to assess the Phytoextraction of Acalypha inferno for Zinc (Zn) contaminated soil. Stems were planted in five kilograms (5 kg) of the soil placed in each plastic pot having 0 ppm (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm of Zn. The experiment was on for a period of 12 weeks. The results revealed that pH, phosphorous and moisture contents increased while nitrogen and organic carbon contents decreased in polluted soil remediated with Acalypha inferno. The plant compartments were analyzed for Zn uptake. Appreciable concentrations of Zn in different compartment of the plant was recorded, 7.12, 7.10 and 9.06 ppm for stem, root and leave, respectively. Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Translocation Factor (TF) was assessed. It was observed that more concentration of Zn was translocated from the roots to the leaves. The results obtained suggest that Acalypha inferno have phytoextraction ability and could be used in restoring soil polluted with zinc (Zn).
Biosorption of Chromium by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Waste Dump Site.
(Expert Opin Environl Biol, 2015) Aransiola, S.A.
This study focused on biosorption of Chromium using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The study was performed by varying the parameters that determine the efficiency of biosorption, i.e. pH, biomass concentration, metal concentration, temperature and contact time. The results obtained shows that higher percentage of Chromium biosorption was recorded with Bacillus subtilis. The optimum value for each of the parameters was obtained in the following order; for pH, optimum value was 4.0, with highest biosorption percentage of 80.6 and 86.7% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Highest biosorption percentage of 83.0 and 86.7% were recorded at concentration of 2ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively for biomass concentration. Chromium concentration produced 73.6 and 86.7% highest biosorption at 5ppm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Temperature showed highest biosorption of 83.0 and 86.7% at 37oC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Contact time was also varied and found to have been optimum in Chromium biosorption 14th day with sorption of 73.3 and 86.7% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. The result shows the efficacy of biosorption of Chromium by the isolated organisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis) in bioremediation of Chromium polluted water, thus, is suitable for future application.
Biosorption of Dyes in Wastewater Using Chitosan/cPolyethylene Nanoparticle as Adsorbent
(Discover Catalysis, 2024) Aransiola, S.A
Chitosan/low-density polyethylene (CHNP/LDPE) nanoparticles, sized at approximately 200 nm, were developed as efective adsorbents for removing dyes from wastewater. This study involved a systematic experimental investigation to evaluate the effects of several parameters: adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, pH, and initial dye concentration, all conducted in batch experiments at ambient temperature. The optimal adsorption conditions were identifed; specifcally, a pH of 5 was most efective for Methylene Blue (MB) dye, while a pH of 6 yielded the best results for Bromocresol Green (BG) dye. The highest removal efciency was observed with an initial dye concentration of 50 mg/L and an adsorbent dosage of 0.05 mg/L. Equilibrium studies indicated that the adsorption process conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model for single systems. Notably, MB exhibited a higher adsorption capacity of 147 mg/g compared to BG’s capacity of 142.8 mg/g. These fndings underscore the potential of CHNP/LDPE biocomposites as a novel biosorbent for dye removal in wastewater treatment applications, suggesting an efcient and environmentally friendly approach to managing dye pollutants.
Biosorption of Lead by Bacteria Isolated from Abattoir Wastewater.
(Nigerian Journal of Technological Research, 2021) Aransiola, S.A.
Six bacteria were isolated from abattoir wastewater collected from Minna central abattoir. Lead tolerant bacteria were isolated from the wastewater. The isolates were then characterized on the basis of their colonial appearance and reaction to various biochemical tests. The lead tolerance profile of the isolates was carried out using agar diffusion method, with concentrations of Lead nitrate ranging from 50-250 mg/L. Two resistant isolates identified as species of Bacillus and Neisseria were selected for biosorption studies. Lead concentration was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The lead biosorption capacity of the two isolates was studied by inoculating 2 mL of 24 hours old bacteria suspension in 50mL Nutrient broth, containing varying concentrations of lead (500 and 1000 mg/L) at varying pH (7 and 8), with representative samples being withdrawn at day 4, 8 and 12. The results showed that highest biosorption rate was recorded on day 10, at pH 7, in solution containing 500 mg/L of lead with 75.3% and 66% by Bacillus sp. and Neisseria sp. respectively. These results show that Bacillus sp. had better sorption capacity than Neisseria sp. Both organisms can be used for the removal of lead.
Biotoxin in Foods: Threats and Benefits
(CRC Press, 2025) Aransiola, S.A
Challenges and Future Prospects of Biotechnology
(Springer Nature Switzerland, 2021) Aransiola S.A
Biotechnology is the manipulation of living organisms or their components to produce useful products. It is an innovative, interdisciplinary field that impacts many sectors, including agriculture, veterinary, medicine, pharmaceutical, and fine chemicals production. It is one of the key enabling technologies for sustainable production. However, there are challenges and some promising future prospects on biotechnology. This chapter takes into account, various areas where biotechnology is challenging and where it could be a future solution if harness effectively.
Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles to Bypass the Blood-Brain Barrier for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases: A Review
(Pacific Journal of Medical Sciences,, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.
Neurological disorders are increasing exponentially and at an alarming rate, affecting great number of people globally. Normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) depends on the blood-brain barrier's (BBB) integrity. Therapeutic amount of some drugs cannot reach the brain; therefore majority of effective pharmaceuticals that have been produced for the treatment of neurological illnesses have subpar therapeutic results. Due to lack of targeted drug delivery mechanism, there is a large concentration of these drugs in the body's essential organs, and this might be harmful to the body. To surmount this challenge, patients are given high doses of medication in an effort to reach the brain more quickly, which ultimately causes off-target organ toxicity. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop effective treatments for neurological disorders. Nano systems for drug delivery have been investigated because of their targeting capabilities. Chitosan is a natural polymer that is frequently used to create drug delivery nano-systems. Because of its special qualities, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties, it enables targeted therapy without posing any hazardous risks. Recently, drug delivery nano-systems, hydrogels, and scaffolds made of chitosan have been employed to treat several neurological conditions. This review will concentrate on brain-targeting nanoparticles made of chitosan.
Crude Oil BiodegFlehradation Potential of Lipase Produced by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil
(Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2024) Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun
Microbial biodegradation of oil pollutants and their derivatives has become the most environmental-friendly method in the developing world. The aim of this study was to evaluate crude oil biodegradation potential of lipase produced by indigenous bacteria from oil contaminated soil. Indigenous bacteria isolates were identified as species of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the isolates were able to produce lipase as revealed in their zone of clearance on tween 80 agar plates and the presence of lipase produced by the two bacteria were further confirmed using spectrophotometric analyses. Lipase produced by B. subtilis showed maximal lipase activity at pH 8 and 40 while the enzyme produced by P. aeruginosa showed maximal lipase activity (U/mL) at pH 8 and 50 when subjected to various pH and temperature respectively. Lipase produced by B. subtilis recorded 8.11 ± 0.70 of crude oil degradation in mineral salt medium within 28 days, while that of P. aeruginosa recorded 15.6 ± 0.03 of crude oil biodegradation. The GC–MS analysis of the crude oil treatment showed complete mineralization of several compounds, and also showed peak reduction which indicates lipase efficiency in the degradation of hydrocarbons. As revealed by GC–MS analysis, out of the 8 hydrocarbons identified in an undegraded oil, 5 were completely degraded by the enzyme activities while 2 (toluene and methyl, cyclopentane) were identified with hydrocarbons treated with lipase. The enzymes produced by B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa can serve as useful product for bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil.
Ecological Impacts and Toxicity of Micro and Nanoplastics in Agroecosystem
(Springer Cham, 2023) Aransiola, S.A
Micro- and nanoplastics are fragments of small plastics that are of sizes 1–5000 microns and <1 μm and consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms chained together by polymer. Micro- and nanoplastics are environmental pollutants, and their degradation depends on the properties of plastics, soil type, environmental condition, and microbial community. Their presence in the agricultural system is an emerging concern, which is basically attributed to the ability of the plastics to penetrate the soil and contaminate the soil plants, and microflora and fauna which thereby affect the food chain and security. Micro- and nanoplastics pollution in agrosystems originates from human activities (agricultural practices and anthropogenic sources) and natural sources (atmospheric inputs and flooding). Micro- and nanoplastics contamination of soil plants alters the chemical, physical, and biological properties of the soil ecosystem due to increased adsorption capacity when in combination with another organic contaminant. In agricultural ecosystems, micro- and nanoplastics affect soil microbial activity, microbial biomass, functional diversity, and the cycling process of plant nutrient elements in the soil, which have an indirect effect on plant seed germination and growth. When ingested or in association with the soil biota, micro- and nanoplastics can influence the agro-functionality through effects on soil root-associated microbiome and root symbionts, soil structure, nutrient immobilization, contaminant adsorption, and diffusion which can directly impact the fertility of the agricultural soil, plant qualities, and its yield. Microplastics excessive accumulation can directly result in toxic risk effects, including the interruption of the nutrient transport system by the obstruction of the pores in the cell wall, alter the community diversity, activity of the soil biota, and inhibition of nitrification. Microplastics and nanoplastics contribute to a major distribution of toxic and harmful compounds to soil plants, soil fauna, and photosynthetic organisms.
Ecological Interplays in Microbial Enzymology
(Springer Nature, 2022) Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun
This contributed volume compiles the latest developments in the field of microbial enzymology. It focuses on topics such as distribution of microbial enzymes in natural habitats, microbial enzymes in environmental sustainability, and environmental disturbances on microbial enzymes, which are organized into three parts, respectively. Ranging from micro-scale studies to macro, it covers a huge domain of microbial enzymes and their interplay between the components of the environment. Overall, the book portrays the importance of microbial enzyme technology and its role in solving the problems in modern-day life. The book is a ready reference for practicing students and researchers in environmental engineering, chemical engineering, agricultural engineering, and other allied fields.

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