Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaves (Bitter Leaf) on two Drug Resistant Bacteria
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Date
2020
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Publisher
International Journal of Research Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology (IJRSMB)
Abstract
This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and in-vitro antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) on Staphylococcus auerus and Escherichia coli, using agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical constituents of this medicinal plant was carried out using standard methods. Agar dilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides and saponins in all plant extracts. The hot ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina showed antimicrobial activity with the mean inhibitory zone diameter of 8.0 – 19.0 mm against Staphylococcus auerus and 7.0 – 20.0 mm against Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 25 and 150 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range between 25 and 100mg/ml. In conclusion, Vernonia amygdalina has potential bioactive phytochemicals that are responsible for its antibacterial activities. It has also proven that bitter leaf extract is a more antibacterial substance than conventionally used antibiotics.
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Keywords
Ethanolic, Aqueous, Minimum inhibitory concentration, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli.
Citation
Unegbu, V.N., Nkwoemeka, N.E., Obum-Nnadi, C.N. and Okey-Ndeche, F.N., 2020. Phytochemical and antibacterial activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaves (Bitter Leaf) on two drug resistant bacteria. International Journal of Research Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology, 6(1), pp.30-37.