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Item Artificial Intelligence (AI) In Education: Integration of AI into Science Education Curriculum in Nigerian Universities(2024-01) Olatunde-Aiyedun, Tope GloriaThis study investigates the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into science curricula at Nigerian universities, motivated by the imperative to prepare students for the evolving demands of the digital age. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research explores the impact of AI integration on learning outcomes, student engagement, and overall educational quality in science education. Quantitative analysis focuses on academic records, assessing the performance metrics of 180 science education students enrolled in AI-integrated courses across three Nigerian universities. Diverse representation across institutions and academic levels ensures comprehensive insights. Qualitative data, gathered through semi-structured interviews with three experienced lecturers, delves into their perspectives on AI integration in science education. Interviews, conducted via online platforms, highlight the rationale for integrating AI into the curriculum and the lecturers' experiences with AI in their classrooms. Statistical analysis of quantitative data, including regression analysis, identifies patterns and correlations in student performance. Qualitative data undergoes thematic analysis, revealing key insights and recurring themes within educators' and students' narratives. The results demonstrate a tangible link between AI integration and science education, offering a nuanced understanding of advantages and disadvantages. This research advocates for an adaptive curriculum that equips students with AI-related skills, contributing valuable insights for educational stakeholders on effective AI integration into science curricula. Ultimately, the study aims to foster the development of future experts capable of leveraging AI for scientific innovation in Nigeria's evolving technological landscape.Item Comparison of Dual Therapies for Lowering Blood Pressure in Black Africans(2019-03-16) Ojji, D. B.BACKGROUND:The prevalence of hypertension among black African patients is high, and these patients usually need two or more medications for blood-pressure control. However, the most effective two-drug combination that is currently available for blood pressure control in these patients has not been established. METHODS: In this randomized, single-blind, three-group trial conducted in six countries in sub-Saharan Africa, we randomly assigned 728 black patients with uncontrolled hypertension (≥140/90 mm Hg while the patient was not being treated or taking only one antihypertensive drug) to receive a daily regimen of 5 mg of amlodipine plus 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide, 5 mg of amlodipine plus 4 mg of perindopril, or 4 mg of perindopril plus 12.5 mg of hydrochlorothiazide for 2 months. Doses were then doubled (10 and 25 mg, 10 and 8 mg, and 8 and 25 mg, respectively) for an additional 4 months. The primary end point was the change in the 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure between baseline and 6 months. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 51 years, and 63% were women. Among the 621 patients who underwent 24-hour blood-pressure monitoring at baseline and at 6 months, those receiving amlodipine plus hydrochlorothiazide and those receiving amlodipine plus perindopril had a lower 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure than those receiving perindopril plus hydrochlorothiazide (between group difference in the change from baseline, −3.14 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval [CI], −5.90 to −0.38; P=0.03; and −3.00 mm Hg; 95% CI, −5.8 to −0.20; P=0.04, respectively). The difference between the group receiving amlodipine plus hydrochlorothiazide and the group receiving amlodipine plus perindopril was −0.14 mm Hg (95% CI, −2.90 to 2.61; P=0.92). Similar differential effects on office and ambulatory diastolic blood pressures, along with blood-pressure control and response rates, were apparent among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that in black patients in sub-Saharan Africa, amlodipine plus either hydrochlorothiazide or perindopril was more effective than perindopril plus hydrochlorothiazide at lowering blood pressure at 6 months. (Funded by GlaxoSmithKline Africa Noncommunicable Disease Open Lab; CREOLE Clinical Trials.gov number, NCT02742467.)Item Effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the Survival rate and Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)(Production Agriculture and Technology (PAT), 2024) Sadiq, Hauwa OhuneneThis study evaluated the efficacy of including Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Brewer’s yeast in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Two hundred and twenty-five C. gariepinus sourced from Fisheries and Aquaculture Research Farm, Federal University Wukari, were used for the study. The fish were conditioned for 14 days, distributed into the experimental tanks consisting of 45 fish per treatment in three replicates in a completely randomised design model and were fed for 84 days. Five experimental diets were formulated with brewer’s yeast replacing fishmeal at 0% 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% inclusion levels. The fish were fed 5% of their body weight twice daily. Growth parameters such as mean weight gain, specific growth rate, and survival rate were evaluated. The water quality parameters were monitored and recorded throughout the period of experiment. The results showed significant (p<0.05) differences on the feed intake (911.67g/day – 1120.33g/day), weight gain (401.7g – 459.0g), and specific growth rate (0.80g/day - 0.88g/day) of C. gariepinus. This apparently suggested that S. cerevisiae is a potential economical and nutritious feed ingredient for fish. Based on this finding, it was concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae can be included in fish diet up to 75% without impacting negatively on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus.Item Hematological changes associated with experimental infection with Trypanosomosis in pigs(2018-01) Omeje, Jude N.; Akinbobola, Jones S.A study was conducted to examine and compare the hematological changes associated with single or mixed infection of Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense in Landrace pigs. 20 gilts between 3-5 months and with an average weight of 18.26kg were divided into 4 groups (Group 1 - Trypanosoma brucei infected; Group 2 - Trypanosoma congolense infected; Group 3 mixed Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma congolense infected; Group 4 - Uninfected control). Onset of parasitaemia was 8, 9 and 12 days post infection (pi) for groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. During the course of infection, there was a statistically significant (P < 0.05) increase in body temperature between group 2 and 3 and group 4, and decrease in body weight between the infected groups and control. Significant decrease (P<0.05) were also observed in the mean values of Packed cell volume (PCV), Haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC) and White blood cell (WBC) counts in infected group while there was no aggravating effect in mixed infection in pigs. The decreased concentration in haematology was statistically significantly different (P < 0.05) between the infected and uninfected groups; and in the infected group, was more severe in group 2. Severity of clinical signs was more in single than mixed infections. It was concluded that the infection caused by Trypanosoma congolense is more severe than Trypanosoma brucei, and that there is no synergistic debilitating effect in mixed infection in pigs.Item Librarians Use of Information Literacy Strategic Tools for Teaching Students in Nigeria Universities to Combat Fake News and Misinformation(2022-09-09) Anyaoku, Ebele NThe research assessed the extent of use of Information literacy tools by librarians in Nigeria for teaching undergraduate students' skills to combat fake news. The research method was document analysis. The research analysed forty-four course materials currently used by Librarians for teaching an information literacy course coded GST 121 (Use of Library, Study Skills and Information Communication Technology. The research also examined library websites of 20 universities in Nigeria to determine availability of fake news content. Findings show there were no module or chapter on fake news and misinformation in the 44 course materials reviewed. Equally, there was no content on fake news on the library websites. However, the course materials included media and information literacy modules which are underlining competencies that are important in guarding against fake news and misinformation. The librarians provided instructional units on online bibliographic databases in more than half (56.8%) of the course materials. There were added units on database literature search (38.6%) and search engine information search (27.6%). Only a small percentage had units on evaluating information (11.4%). It is recommended that librarians should review the GST 121 curriculum and include distinct modules on evaluating information, fact-checking, spotting and combating fake news and misinformation.Item Marine Greens: Environmental, Agricultural, Industrial and Biomedical Applications(CRC press, 2024) Aransiola, Sesan AbiodunThis book provides an in-depth overview of marine greens and their environmental and biotechnological applications. It addresses concepts such as the niche adaptation strategies of marine greens in their natural habitats, as well as their global distribution, and factors affecting their distribution and proliferation. Marine greens are posited as an alternative to fossil fuels, mitigating global climate change and thereby fostering future environmental sustainability. In addition, the book explains the remediation of xenobiotics, wastewater, microplastics, marine debris, and marine green contamination. Expert authors from around the world explore the industrial and agricultural applications of marine greens in the production of enzymes and marine bioenergy, and what is needed to improve its production potential. This is important reading for government and non-governmental organizations as well as industries and research institutions looking for ways to combat current industrial and environmental challenges.Item Modeling and Forecasting Cryptocurrency Returns and Volatility: An Application of GARCH Models(Scientific Publications, 2022-11-10) Adams, Samuel OlorunfemiThe future of e-money is crypocurrencies, it is the decentralize digital and virtual currency that is secured by cryptography. It has become increasingly popular in recent years attracting the attention of the individual, investor, media, academia and governments worldwide. This study aims to model and forecast the volatilities and returns of three top cryptocurrencies, namely; Bitcoin, Ethereum and Binance Coin. The data utilized in the study was extracted from the higher market capitalization at 31st December, 2021 and the data for the period starting from 9th November, 2017 to 31st December 2021. The Generalised Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) type models with several distributions were fitted to the three cryptocurrencies dataset with their performances assessed using some model criterion tests. The result shows that the mean of all the returns are positive indicating the fact that the price of this three crptocurrencies increase throughout the period of study. The ARCH-LM test shows that there is no ARCH effect in volatility of Bitcoin and Ethereum but present in Binance Coin. The GARCH model was fitted on Binance Coin, the AIC and log L shows that the CGARCH is the best model for Binance Coin. Automatic forecasting was perform based on the selected ARIMA (2,0,1), ARIMA (0,1,2) and the random walk model which has the lowest AIC for ETH-USD, BNB-USD and BTC-USD respectively. This finding could aid investors in determining a cryptocurrency's unique risk-reward characteristics. The study contributes to a better deployment of investor’s resources and prediction of the future prices the three cryptocurrencies.Item On Misconceptions about the Application of the Shari’ah in Nigeria(2nd International Conference on Arabic Studies and Islamic Civilization, iCASiC2015, 2015) Shittu, Abdulazeez Balogun; Olaofe Musa AdeyemiThe “reintroduction” of the Shariʽah Penal Code in some northern states of Nigeria has continued to generate mixed reactions from different angles of the Nigerian society. This paper attempts to explore the various arguments which are usually canvassed by opponents and proponents of the application of the Islamic Law in the country, in order to unveil some of the factors responsible for the misconceptions associated with the said issue. It reviews the philosophy and fundamental principles of the Islamic Law, it also examines the status of non-Muslims under the system and the operability of such a body of law in the Muslim life despite the multi-religious nature of the Nigerian society. Observation, Interaction and interview with some stakeholders in the affected states formed the basis of the methodology adopted in the paper, which in turn intimated the author with some vital information about the whole scenario. It became evident that, there were lapses and errors committed by various stakeholders and organs of government as well as some members of the public, due to misinformation, misapplication and misinterpretation in the course of the “reintroduction”, that inevitably provoked stiff opposition. The paper offers suggestions on how such sensitive issue can be handled, so as to pave way for better understanding among the various sections of the multi-religious Nigeria for peaceful co-existence.Item Peaceful Co-Existence in a Multi-Religious Society: Islam and Christianity Perspectives(Bangladesh Institute of Islamic Thought (BIIT), 2023) Shittu, Abdulazeez BalogunIt is estimated that the population of the adherents of the two most popular Abrahamic religions, Islam and Christianity, accounts for more than half of the world population, and over 80 percent of what is said in the media about religion refers to Muslims and Christians, while majority of intra and inter faith fracas is traced to the two religions. Sadly, these two religions seem to have been scrambling to “outdo” each other. The onus of playing it safe thereby lies with their followers who are expected to learn to tolerate each other and go about their Da’wah (invitation to faith) and Evangelical activities in such a way that peace and security of the entire human race is not jeopardised. This paper discusses peaceful co-existence in the two religions by plying memory lane to promote tolerance and peaceful co-existence laid down by the two religions so as to serve a roadmap for the faithful to give peace a chance and live together in peace with their neighbours.Item Prevalence of Operable Intracranial Lesions from Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in a National Trauma Centre(SpringerOpen, 2024-02-02) Yusuf, Ayodeji SalmanBackground: Mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) occupies majority of head traumas in most emergency units. Although patients with mild TBI can be reviewed and discharged on head injury advice, a sizeable number require admission for observation or intervention due to operable intracranial lesions. The aim of the study was to establish the preva lence of operable lesions in patients with mild TBI. Materials and methods: This was a prospective study of consecutive adult patients with mild TBI who had cranial computerized tomography (CT) done at the National Trauma Centre, Abuja. All participants gave informed consent and the study had ethical clearance in the Hospital. Results: One hundred and three mild TBI patients with cranial CTs were recruited aged 16–76 years with mean age of 32.25±12.35 years. With intention to treat, twenty (20.4%) of them were diagnosed with operable intracranial lesions on CT scans, 19 males and 2 females. Majority of them (14; 66.7%) were young adults within 20–40 years of age. The lesions were 16 extradural haematomas (76.2%), 3 subdural haematomas (14.3%) and 2 depressed skull fractures (9.5%) of the operable cohort. Conclusions: Significant number of patients with mild TBI had operable intracranial lesions. Therefore, there is need to screen patients with mild TBI appropriately in order to avoid missed operable lesions. Keywords: Mild traumatic brain injury, Computerized tomography scan, Haematoma, Clinical decision rule, Operable intracranial lesions, NigeriaItem Relationship between Patients Access to Health Information and Coping with Chronic Disease(2018) Anyaoku, Ebele NThe research examined the association between patients’ demographics, access to health information on coping and self-efficacy in managing chronic illness. This is a correlation study. The population for this study is seven hundred and eighty-four patients with chronic diseases in two Federal Government Teaching Hospitals in South-East, Nigeria. A Questionnaire and a Coping with Chronic Diseases Self-Efficacy Scale were instruments for data collection. Correlation analysis shows that access to coping information was positively and significantly correlated with self-efficacy in managing chronic diseases. Multiple Regression suggests that disease type was the only patient characteristics significantly associated with self-efficacy when patients have access to coping information. The study concludes that the significant associations indicate that health information can enable patients develop self-efficacy for coping with chronic diseases. Hospital administrators and all stakeholders involved in health care should create an enabling environment for information sharing and flow to patients with chronic diseases. Librarians should play some roles in creating access to health information for patients with chronic diseases through developing and promoting consumer health information resources.Item Seroprevalence and Molecular Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Among School Children in Asokoro Village Abuja, Nigeria(International Journal of Medical and Healthcare Research, 2023) Obum-Nnadi Charity NdidiHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) suppresses host immunity and can therefore predispose to opportunistic and other infections, including HCV infection. HIV and HCV have emerged as one of the most formidable challenges to public health. Children in rural communities are exposed to the risk of these viral infections. This study aimed at determining the seroprevalence of HCV and HIV Co-infection seroprevalence among school pupils in Asokoro village Abuja. A total of one hundred and twenty-four (124) whole blood samples of children aged 1- 17 years were randomly collected across the community. Samples were screened using HIV Determine kit and one time HCV rapid test strip for HIV and HCV respectively. Positive samples for HIV were further analysed using HIV Unigold test kit and HIV 1 and 2 stat pak test kit while HCV seropositivity was confirmed using PCR. Results were computed statistically by percentage. Result shows that the seroprevalence of HIV among the children studied is 5% (6/124), while that of HCV is 14% (18/124) among the study population. Co-infection of HIV/HCV was not observed among participants in the study population. The molecular characterization of HIVs4 sample revealed that it is closely related to AF069943.1 HIV-1 isolate with 2,538 bp genomic DNA obtained in 1995 from a hospitalized individual from Maiduguri, Borno state, Nigeria. The molecular analysis revealed the presence of HCV C, genotype 1b. Children in the study area displayed a higher prevalence of HCV than HIV. This is a threat to public health as there are scientific proofs that HCV can be transmitted through contact with infected body sweat. HIV positive children are likely to be co-infected with HCV. There is urgent need to preventItem SITUATIONS OF THE AL-MAJIRI SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN CONTEMPORARY NIGERIA: MATTERS ARISING(Ilorin Journal of Religious Studies, 2015-12) Shittu, Abdulazeez Balogun; Olaofe, Musa AdeyemiLike any other traditional system of education in other parts of the Muslim world, the al Majiri system in Nigeria used to be a decent and reputable scheme that produced eminent scholars and policy makers. It mustered support and solidarity from all stakeholders and propelled the nation to enviable status in literacy, social, diplomatic and economic spheres, to mention a few. Its prominence however took a nosedive with the arrival of the British who hijacked the administrative power in the land and relegated all religious and traditional structures to the background. The upshot of this scenario paved the way for all forms of adulteration being smeared on the system today, which denigrates the whole structure. Numerous social vices are being linked to the managers and pupils of the scheme, which inevitably provoked calls for its abolition from some quarters. This paper holistically examines the scheme and scrutinises its operability, viability and sustainability for today's world. Besides being historical and analytical in its disposition, the paper exploits the philosophical method in proffering practicable suggestions on how the scheme could be properly managed and integrated into the modern system of education to realise its objectives.Item SMOOTHING SPLINE TECHNIQUE FOR TIME SERIES DATA WITH AUTOCORRELATION(Lambert Academic Publishing, 2023-03-10) Adams, Samuel OlorunfemiSpline smoothing is a technique used to filter out noise in time series observations when predicting nonparametric regression models. Its performance depends on the choice of smoothing parameter lambda. Most of the existing smoothing methods applied to time series data tend to overfit in the presence of autocorrelated errors. The aim of this study is to propose a smoothing method which is the arithmetic weighted value of Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) and Unbiased Risk (UBR) methods The objectives of the study were to (i) determine the best-fit smoothing method for the time series observation; (ii) identify the best smoothing method that does not overfit timeseries data when autocorrelation is present in the error term; (iii)establish the optimum value of the proposed smoothing method; (iv) compare GCV, GML and UBR smoothing methods to the proposed smoothing methods in terms of sample size; and (v)test the results of simulation using real life-data. A hybrid smoothing method of the Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV) and Unbiased Risk (UBR) was developed by adding the weighted values of Generalized CrossValidation (GCV) and Unbiased Risk (UBR). The Proposed Smoothing Method (PSM) was compared with Generalized Maximum Likelihood (GML), GCV and UBR smoothing methods. A Monte Carlo experiment of 1,000 trials was carried out at three different sample sizes (20, 60 and 100), three levels of the autocorrelation (02, 05 and 08), and four degrees of smoothing (1, 2, 3 and 4) Real-life data on Standard international Trade Classification (SITC) export and import price indices in Nigeria between 1970 2018 extracted from CBN 2019 edition were also used. The four smoothing methods' performances were estimated and compared using the Predictive Mean Squared Error (PMSE) criterion. The findings of the study revealed that:(i)for a time series observation with autocorrelated errors, Ǥ ሺ ൌͲͲሻ ൌ ͳ ሺ ሻൈሺ ሻ ൌͲͻͳǡ provides the besfit smoothing method for the model: (ii)he PM does not over-fit data at all the autocorrelation levels considered (ͲǤʹ Ǥͷ ǤͺሻǢ (iii) t optium value of the PSM was at the weighted value of 0.04, with the eqtion is given as ሺ ሻ ൌ ሺͲͲͶሻ ! ሾ$ ሺ &' ሻሿ( ሺͲͻሻ *+") (% &' (,) * ሼ% &' ሻሽ- (; (i wh thee is autocorrelation in the error term, PSM performed better than the GCVGML and UBR smoothing methods were considered at all-time series sizes (T =20, 60 d 100); (v) for the real-life data employed in the study, PSM proved to be the most efficit among the GCV, GML, PSM and UBR smoothing methods compare. The study concluded that the PSM method provides the best-fit as a smoothing method, works well atutocorrelation levels (=0.2, 0.5 and 0.8), and does not overfit time-series observations. The study recommended that the proposed smoothing is appropriate for time series observations with autorrelation in the error term and econometrics real-life data. This study can be applied to; non parametric regression, non – parametric forecasting, spatial, survival and econometricsItem The Efficiency of the Proposed Smoothing Method over the Classical Cubic Smoothing Spline Regression Model with Autocorrelated Residual(Science Publications, 2023-11-21) Adams, Samuel OlorunfemiAbstract: Spline smoothing is a technique used to filter out noise in time series observations when predicting nonparametric regression models. Its performance depends on the choice of the smoothing parameter. Most of the existing smoothing methods applied to time series data tend to overfit in the presence of autocorrelated errors. This study aims to determine the optimum performance value, goodness of fit and model overfitting properties of the proposed Smoothing Method (PSM), Generalized Maximum Likelihood (GML), Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV), and Unbiased Risk (UBR) smoothing parameter selection methods. A Monte Carlo experiment of 1,000 trials was carried out at three different sample sizes (20, 60, and 100) and three levels of autocorrelation (0.2, 05, and 0.8). The four smoothing methods' performances were estimated and compared using the Predictive Mean Squared Error (PMSE) criterion. The findings of the study revealed that: for a time series observation with autocorrelated errors, Adj. R2(PSM λ =0.04) provides the best-fit smoothing method for the model, the PSM does not over-fit data at all the autocorrelation levels considered (ρ = 0.2, 0.5 and 0.8); the optimum value of the PSM was at the weighted value of 0.04 when there is autocorrelation in the error term, PSM performed better than the GCV, GML, and UBR smoothing methods were considered at all-time series sizes (T = 20, 60 and 100). For the real-life data employed in the study, PSM proved to be the most efficient among the GCV, GML, PSM, and UBR smoothing methods compared. The study concluded that the PSM method provides the best fit as a smoothing method, works well at autocorrelation levels (ρ=0.2, 0.5, and 0.8), and does not over fit time-series observations. The study recommended that the proposed smoothing is appropriate for time series observations with autocorrelation in the error term and econometrics real-life data. This study can be applied to; non – parametric regression, non – parametric forecasting, spatial, survival, and econometrics observationsItem The Efficiency of the Proposed Smoothing Method over the Classical Cubic Smoothing Spline Regression Model with Autocorrelated Residual(Science Publications, 2023-03-18) Adams, Samuel OlorunfemiSpline smoothing is a technique used to filter out noise in time series observations when predicting nonparametric regression models. Its performance depends on the choice of the smoothing parameter. Most of the existing smoothing methods applied to time series data tend to over fit in the presence of autocorrelated errors. This study aims to determine the optimum performance value, goodness of fit and model overfitting properties of the proposed Smoothing Method (PSM), Generalized Maximum Likelihood (GML), Generalized Cross-Validation (GCV), and Unbiased Risk (UBR) smoothing parameter selection methods. A Monte Carlo experiment of 1,000 trials was carried out at three different sample sizes (20, 60, and 100) and three levels of autocorrelation (0.2, 05, and 0.8). The four smoothing methods' performances were estimated and compared using the Predictive Mean Squared Error (PMSE) criterion. The findings of the study revealed that: for a time series observation with autocorrelated errors, provides the best-fit smoothing method for the model, the PSM does not over-fit data at all the autocorrelation levels considered ( the optimum value of the PSM was at the weighted value of 0.04 when there is autocorrelation in the error term, PSM performed better than the GCV, GML, and UBR smoothing methods were considered at all-time series sizes (T = 20, 60 and 100). For the real-life data employed in the study, PSM proved to be the most efficient among the GCV, GML, PSM, and UBR smoothing methods compared. The study concluded that the PSM method provides the best fit as a smoothing method, works well at autocorrelation levels (ρ=0.2, 0.5, and 0.8), and does not over fit time-series observations. The study recommended that the proposed smoothing is appropriate for time series observations with autocorrelation in the error term and econometrics real-life data. This study can be applied to; non – parametric regression, non – parametric forecasting, spatial, survival, and econometrics observations.Item The Qur’anic worldview: A springboard for cultural reform(Intellectual Discourse, International Islamic University Malaysia, 2014-12-31) Shittu, Abdulazeez Balogun; AbdulHamid AbuSulaymanMisconstruing the actual connotation of the Qur’ānic worldview and how it can be harnessed to rejuvenate the lost glory of the Muslim society has led many writers and readers alike to misplaced priorities. The attempt made by AbdulHamid Abusulayman in this book stands out as a masterpiece. Rigorous research, wealth of experience and interaction with the Islamic and other cultures afforded him the opportunity to distinguish cultural practices from the practical implementation of Qur’ānic injunctions and Sunnatic authorisation.Item The Role of the Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs in Unifying Muslims in Nigeria: Prospects and Challenges(International Institute for Muslim Unity (IIMU), 2016-02-16) Shittu, Abdulazeez BalogunThe Nigerian Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (NSCIA) was purposely created, inter alia, to unite the Nigerian Muslim individuals and organisations, to guide on the correct practice of Islam, to mediate in wrangling among Muslim faithful, which usually lead to intra and inter religious violence and to harmonise the major religious celebrations in the country. Being the highest Islamic organisation in the country, this paper looks at some of the achievements of the Council as well as various challenges facing it, in order for it to strategise and make amendments where necessary. The paper thereby offers some suggestions/recommendations on the way forward for the Council to be better positioned in order to meet the aspirations of the Nigerian Muslims and thus become an organisation they will be proud of.Item Use of maize cob-activated charcoal for wastewater treatment in aquaculture for reuse(African Journal of Agriculture and Allied Sciences (AJAAS), 2024) Sadiq, Hauwa OhuneneThis study investigated the efficacy of activated charcoal made from maize cobs for processing wastewater obtained from aquaculture. The main objective was to develop a low-cost and efficient way to recycle wastewater for aquaculture, part of efforts to tackle water scarcity in Northeast Nigeria. The research evaluated the efficiency of activated charcoal derived from maize cobs in treating aquaculture wastewater, optimal treatment duration, and its impact on the survival rate of Clarias gariepinus. Carbonizing maize cob charcoal was achieved by burning dry maize cobs in a 5L tin as a makeshift kiln with little or no air and activated using lemon juice. The treatment efficiency of the activated charcoal was tested by assessing water quality parameters before and after treatments. Results of pH and ammonia in this study reduced from 8.60 to 7.68 and 1.50 to 0.31 mg/l respectively while dissolved oxygen increased from 3.06 to 3.51 mg/l after a 24-hour treatment period. Clarias gariepinus cultured for 56 days in the treated water had a growth of 12.11g from 2.00g, a total length of 4.82cm, a specific growth rate of 3.22%/d, and an 86.67% survival rate. This study concludes that the use of maize cob-activated charcoal is a suitable and affordable method for treating aquaculture wastewater for reuse, improving fish survival and growth rates.