Department of Microbiology

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Browsing Department of Microbiology by Subject "Bacteria"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Biosorption of Lead by Bacteria Isolated from Abattoir Wastewater.
    (Nigerian Journal of Technological Research, 2021) Aransiola, S.A.
    Six bacteria were isolated from abattoir wastewater collected from Minna central abattoir. Lead tolerant bacteria were isolated from the wastewater. The isolates were then characterized on the basis of their colonial appearance and reaction to various biochemical tests. The lead tolerance profile of the isolates was carried out using agar diffusion method, with concentrations of Lead nitrate ranging from 50-250 mg/L. Two resistant isolates identified as species of Bacillus and Neisseria were selected for biosorption studies. Lead concentration was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The lead biosorption capacity of the two isolates was studied by inoculating 2 mL of 24 hours old bacteria suspension in 50mL Nutrient broth, containing varying concentrations of lead (500 and 1000 mg/L) at varying pH (7 and 8), with representative samples being withdrawn at day 4, 8 and 12. The results showed that highest biosorption rate was recorded on day 10, at pH 7, in solution containing 500 mg/L of lead with 75.3% and 66% by Bacillus sp. and Neisseria sp. respectively. These results show that Bacillus sp. had better sorption capacity than Neisseria sp. Both organisms can be used for the removal of lead.
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    Crude Oil BiodegFlehradation Potential of Lipase Produced by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil
    (Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2024) Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun
    Microbial biodegradation of oil pollutants and their derivatives has become the most environmental-friendly method in the developing world. The aim of this study was to evaluate crude oil biodegradation potential of lipase produced by indigenous bacteria from oil contaminated soil. Indigenous bacteria isolates were identified as species of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the isolates were able to produce lipase as revealed in their zone of clearance on tween 80 agar plates and the presence of lipase produced by the two bacteria were further confirmed using spectrophotometric analyses. Lipase produced by B. subtilis showed maximal lipase activity at pH 8 and 40 while the enzyme produced by P. aeruginosa showed maximal lipase activity (U/mL) at pH 8 and 50 when subjected to various pH and temperature respectively. Lipase produced by B. subtilis recorded 8.11 ± 0.70 of crude oil degradation in mineral salt medium within 28 days, while that of P. aeruginosa recorded 15.6 ± 0.03 of crude oil biodegradation. The GC–MS analysis of the crude oil treatment showed complete mineralization of several compounds, and also showed peak reduction which indicates lipase efficiency in the degradation of hydrocarbons. As revealed by GC–MS analysis, out of the 8 hydrocarbons identified in an undegraded oil, 5 were completely degraded by the enzyme activities while 2 (toluene and methyl, cyclopentane) were identified with hydrocarbons treated with lipase. The enzymes produced by B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa can serve as useful product for bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil.
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    Crude Oil Biodegradation Potential of Lipase Produced by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil
    (Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.
    Microbial biodegradation of oil pollutants and their derivatives has become the most environmental-friendly method in the developing world. The aim of this study was to evaluate crude oil biodegradation potential of lipase produced by indigenous bacteria from oil contaminated soil. Indigenous bacteria isolates were identified as species of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the isolates were able to produce lipase as revealed in their zone of clearance on tween 80 agar plates and the presence of lipase produced by the two bacteria were further confirmed using spectrophotometric analyses. Lipase produced by B. subtilis showed maximal lipase activity at pH 8 and 40 while the enzyme produced by P. aeruginosa showed maximal lipase activity (U/mL) at pH 8 and 50 when subjected to various pH and temperature respectively. Lipase produced by B. subtilis recorded 8.11 ± 0.70 of crude oil degradation in mineral salt medium within 28 days, while that of P. aeruginosa recorded 15.6 ± 0.03 of crude oil biodegradation. The GC–MS analysis of the crude oil treatment showed complete mineralization of several compounds, and also showed peak reduction which indicates lipase efficiency in the degradation of hydrocarbons. As revealed by GC–MS analysis, out of the 8 hydrocarbons identified in an undegraded oil, 5 were completely degraded by the enzyme activities while 2 (toluene and methyl, cyclopentane) were identified with hydrocarbons treated with lipase. The enzymes produced by B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa can serve as useful product for bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil.
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    Effects of Soil Contaminants on Soil Microbiome
    (Springer Cham, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.
    The soil microbiome, which comprises diverse microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea; which play a fundamental role in ecosystem functions, from primary production to carbon storage. Likewise, soil microbiomes influence vital processes such as nutrient cycling and water regulation. However, soil health is under threat by different factors, including industrialization, population growth, climate change, and human activities such as erosion and pollution. Heavy metals, hydrocarbons and other contaminants from anthropogenic activities alter microbial communities, harming vital soil functions such as nutrient cycling and the decomposition of organic matter. Additionally, contaminants such as pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons alter the composition of the microbiome, hindering its ability to biodegrade. For centuries, scholars have explored soil microbiomes using ‘omics’ technologies to understand their genetic and biochemical makeup. Interaction mechanisms between soil microbiomes and contaminants reveal microbial capabilities to detoxify, sequester or degrade contaminants. Certain bacteria, such as rhizobacteria, that promote plant growth, help in metal chelation, nutrient solubilization and promotion of root growth, mitigating polluting effects. Efforts to restore soil microbiomes are supported by a variety of innovative and effective techniques that seek to comprehensively combat environmental pollution. These strategies range from approaches that use the biological activity of microorganisms to methods that take advantage of the ability of plants to absorb and detoxify soil. Such approaches, developed with the common goal of improving soil quality and mitigating environmental impacts, represent a constantly evolving field of study and exploration of new sustainable solutions for the restoration of terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the intricate relationship between soil microbiomes and contaminants is vital to designing effective strategies to restore soil health and ensure environmental sustainability. Taking advantage of the diverse capacities of the microorganisms present in the soil, the impacts of pollution could be reduced, in order to preserve the vital functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Keeping in view of the importance of soil microbiome in environmental sustainability, following topics were deeply discussed in this chapter: (i) fundamentals of the soil microbiome, (ii) Impact of soil contaminants on microbiome diversity, (iii) mechanisms of interaction of the soil microbiome on contaminants, (iv) rhizobacteria as plant growth promoters (PGPR) in soil pollution mitigation, and (v) tool and strategies for the restoration of the soil microbiome.
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    Micro and vermicompost assisted remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils using phytoextractors
    (Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering., 2024) Aransiola, Sesan Abiodun
    Heavy metals (HMs) contamination is a serious environmental concern in different parts of the world. In this study, two indigenous phytoextractors, Sida acuta and Melissa officinalis L. were used and assisted with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and vermicompost by-product (vermicast) produced for remediation purposes. The concentration of heavy metal accumulation in plants were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and analyzed by canonical discriminant analysis (CDA). Pre- and post-remediation analysis of the physico-chemical properties of the soil was conducted. M. officinalis L components in the primary location were able to remove HMs, particularly lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) with metalloid (arsenic (As) concentration in plant ranges from 0.09 to 4.39 ppm, 0.07–10.35 ppm and 0.007–0.33 ppm, correspondingly. In the contaminated soil after remediation, the amount of Pb varied from 5.88 to 12.37 ppm, Cd concentration was between (0.026–0.58 ppm) while As was between 0.32 and 5.48 ppm. HMs concentration of soil remediated with Sida acuta had Pb, Cd, As varied from (1.68–10.7 ppm), (0.002–0.43 ppm) and As (0.27–3.79 ppm) individually. The organic carbon and nitrogen concentration before (C: 0.27; N: 0.01) and after (C:6.40; N: 0.70) the remediation process showed a significant increase, pointing to less contaminated soil. The role of vermitechnology in phytoremediation is important and could be employed to restore a contaminated soil with HMs as reported in this study.