Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences

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Browsing Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences by Subject "Aqueous"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Anacardium occidentale fruits extracts (Cashew) on two Drug Resistant Bacteria
    (International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 2020-06) Obum-Nnadi Charity Ndidi
    This present study was aimed at investigating the phytochemical and antibacterial activities of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Anacardium occidentale (cashew) fruit on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The Phytochemical constituents of this medicinal plant were carried out using standard methods. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by the Broth dilution method. Phytochemical analysis showed that Phenols, alkaloids, anthraquinolones, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, glycoside, terpenoids and tannins were present in both ethanolic and aqueous extracts of A. occidentale. The antibacterial activities of aqueous and ethanolic fruit extract of Anacardium occidentale showed that the mean zone diameter of inhibition for S. aureus on the different extracts was between the range of 11mm to 28mm while that of E. coli was between 17mm to 29mm. The MIC of different extracts of S. aureus was between 6.25mg/ml to 25mg/ml while that of E. coli was also between 6.25mg/ml to 25mg/ml. The MBC of different extracts of S. aureus isolates were between the ranges of 100 to 150mg/ml while that of E. coli was also between the range of 100 to 150mg/ml. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) fruits are rich in wide range of secondary metabolites. Both extracts exhibited bactericidal activities against S. aureus and E. coli. The antibacterial efficacy of the fruit extracts of A. occidentale lends credence to ethno-medicinal use of the plant to treat various ailments.
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    Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Newbouldia laevis leaves (Ogirishi) on two Drug Resistant Bacteria
    (International Journal of Research and Review, 2020-05) Obum-Nnadi, Charity
    This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Newbouldia laevis (Ogirishi) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical constituents of this medicinal plant were carried out using standard methods. Agar dilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of Phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, tanins, oxalate, terpenoids, anthraquinolones, alkaloids and tanins in both methanolic and aqueous extracts of N. laevis. The antibacterial activities of aqueous and methanolic leave extract of Newbouldia laevis shows that the mean zone diameter of inhibition for S. aureus on the different extracts was between the range of 9mm to 22mm while that of E. coli was between 8mm to 24mm. Result from this work shows a greater zone of inhibition produced by the methanolic extracts of N. laevis at all concentrations used compared to that produced by the positive control drug gentamicin. The MIC of different extracts of S. aureus was between 6.25mg/ml to 25mg/ml while that of E. coli was between 6.25mg/ml to 25mg/ml. The MBC of different extracts of S. aureus isolates was between the ranges of 50 to 100mg/ml while that of E. coli was also between the ranges of 50 to 100mg/ml. In conclusion, the results obtained in this work indicate that the leave extracts of N. Laevis possesses natural potential to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli. The observed antibacterial effects may due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the plant. Our findings justify the claim that the leave extracts of N. Laevis could have antibacterial properties against the stated organisms.
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    Phytochemical and Antibacterial Activities of Vernonia Amygdalina Leaves (Bitter Leaf) on two Drug Resistant Bacteria
    (International Journal of Research Studies in Microbiology and Biotechnology (IJRSMB), 2020) Obum-Nnadi, Charity
    This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and in-vitro antimicrobial activities of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) on Staphylococcus auerus and Escherichia coli, using agar well diffusion method. The phytochemical constituents of this medicinal plant was carried out using standard methods. Agar dilution method was used to determine the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by the agar dilution method. Phytochemical analysis shows the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides and saponins in all plant extracts. The hot ethanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina showed antimicrobial activity with the mean inhibitory zone diameter of 8.0 – 19.0 mm against Staphylococcus auerus and 7.0 – 20.0 mm against Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 25 and 150 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) range between 25 and 100mg/ml. In conclusion, Vernonia amygdalina has potential bioactive phytochemicals that are responsible for its antibacterial activities. It has also proven that bitter leaf extract is a more antibacterial substance than conventionally used antibiotics.
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    Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Garcinia kola Seeds (Bitter kola) on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
    (Global Science Independent Journal, 2020-09-08) Obum-Nnadi, Charity
    The different parts of plants such as seed, leaves, barks and root contain medicinal substances. These substances produce definite physiological action in the human body. This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antibacterial properties of methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Garcinia kola (bitter kola) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical constituents were carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activities of the plant extracts was determined using agar-well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined by micro-broth dilution method. Phytochemical analysis shows that Phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, saponin, alkaloids and anthraquinolones were present in varying concentrations of the different extracts. The methanol extract of G. kola seed possesses more antimicrobial activity (17-25 mm) in a concentration dependent manner than the ethanol extract (10-21 mm) and then aqueous extract (7-17mm). The MIC of different extracts of S. aureus was between 12.5mg/ml to 50mg/ml while that of E. coli was also between 12.5mg/ml to 50mg/ml. The MBC of different extracts of S. aureus and E. coli isolates were both between the ranges of 25 to 100mg/ml. It can be concluded that some secondary metabolites present in Garcinia kola seed was responsible for the inhibition of the bacteria observed in this study; thus, the test plant could be used to manufacture drugs that could be used to treat infections caused by the test organisms.
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    Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of Moringa oleifera leaf extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
    (Nigerian Journal of Microbiology, 2020) Obum-Nnadi, Charity
    This present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial properties of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaf on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using agar well diffusion method. The Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined using micro broth dilution method. Phytochemical analysis showed that terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, steroids, and anthraquinolones were present in varying concentrations of the different extracts. The antibacterial activities of the ethanol and aqueous extracts of M. oleifera leaf at concentrations of 200, 100, 50, 25,12.5mg/ml showed the zone diameter of inhibition for S. aureus in response to the different extracts ranged between 9mm to 20mm while that of E. coli was between 7mm to 19mm. The MIC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on S. aureus is 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively while the MIC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on E. coli is 12.5mg/ml and 6.25mg/ml respectively. The MBC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on S. aureus is 25mg/ml and 12.5mg/ml respectively while the MBC of aqueous and ethanol leaf extract on E. coli is 50mg/ml and 25mg/ml respectively. It can be concluded that some secondary metabolites present in Moringa oleifera leaf may be responsible for the inhibition of the bacteria observed in this study; and the ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaf possesses more antimicrobial activity (10 – 20mm) in a concentration dependent manner than the aqueous extract (9 - 15mm). This could justify its use as an antimicrobial agent. Therefore, M. oleifera leaf could be a promising natural antimicrobial agent with potential applications in pharmaceutical industries for controlling the pathogenic bacteria used in this work.
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    Phytochemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Calyces (Zobo Flower) Extracts on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
    (Journal of Health Sciences & Research, 2020) Obum-Nnadi, Charity
    Introduction: Hibiscus sabdariffa plant has been used in many ways both for industrial purposes and medicinal uses. It has been discovered to have antimicrobial properties. Aim and objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities of methanolic and aqueous extracts of H. sabdariffa calyces on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Materials and methods: The phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard methods. The antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was determined using the agar well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the plant extracts on the test isolates were determined using the micro broth dilution method. Results: The phytochemical analysis showed that terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, and anthraquinolones were present in varying concentrations of the different extracts. The methanol extract of H. Sabdariffa calyces possesses more antimicrobial activity (13–24 mm) in a concentration-dependent manner than the aqueous extract (7–20 mm). The MIC of different extracts of S. aureus was between 25 mg/mL and 50 mg/mL while that of E. coli was also between 12.5 mg/mL and 25 mg/mL. The MBC of different extracts of S. aureus was between 25 and 50 mg/mL while that of E. coli was between 6.25 and 50 mg/mL. Conclusion: It can be concluded that some secondary metabolites present in H. sabdariffa calyces was responsible for the observed inhibition of the bacteria seen in this study. The methanol extract of H. sabdariffa calyces possesses more antimicrobial activity in a concentration-dependent manner than the aqueous extract. Therefore, the test plant could be used to manufacture drugs that could be used to treat infections caused by the test organisms.