Browsing by Author "Aransiola, S.A."
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Item Assessment of Water Contamination in Nigeria-Review(Journal of Basic and Applied Research International, 2016) Aransiola, S.A.Human exercises including industrialization and agricultural practices contributes significantly to the degradation and contamination of environment which contrarily affects the water bodies (streams and sea) that is a need forever. Universally, water contamination is a noteworthy issue far and wide. However aquatic resources comprises of greatly extensive variety of flora and fauna resources which offer an expansive exhibit of products with potential utilitarian application in farming and industries which renders profitable advantages and services. The slow poising of the waters is seen in Nigeria and the decimation of vegetation and agricultural land by industrial effluents release, agricultural release and oil spills. Regardless of general society and worldwide organizations' arrangement concentrate on this issue, the circumstance in Nigeria appears deteriorating and in this manner requests earnest and prompt considerations.Item Bio-decolourization of Basic Fuchsin dye by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Salt water and Palm wine(Journal of Biology and Nature, 2015) Aransiola, S.A.In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine and salt water was used to degrade 20 mg basic fuchsin dye for a period of 12 days under aerobic condition in 250 mL, 500 mL and 750 mL mineral salt media. The degree of decolorization of basic fuchsin was determined using UV-visible spectrophotometer with absorbance of 620 nm. At the end of twelve days, 60.39%, 41.29% and 24.47% (for Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from salt water) basic fuchsin decolorization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae were recorded and 72.61%, 48.88% and 33.92% (for Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from palm wine) basic fuchsin decolorization by the same organism were recorded in 250 mL, 500 mL and 750 mL concentrations at pH 6.5, respectively. The results suggest the potential of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the treatment of waste water containing basic fuchsin.Item Biofilms of Pathogenic Bacteria and Emerging Antibiofilm Strategies.(Qhalikay. Journal of health sciences, 2022) Aransiola, S.A.Biofilms act as physical barriers to the immune system and drugs used by the host, resulting in antimicrobial resistance. Biofilms reduce the chances of eradicating infections and can result in relapses and backsliding after conventional treatment. Biofilms have a big impact on food safety in the food industry; many foodborne outbreaks have been linked to pathogenic bacteria that can form a biofilm. Biofilm-associated infections can cause not only severe symptoms but also serious side effects and even death. The findings of an experimental study of pathogenic bacteria like Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, and Staphylococcus aureus forming biofilms are presented in this article. The process of biofilm formation and its development phases were displayed with preserved architectonics using light and scanning electron microscopes. The amount of biofilm formed was influenced by the growth medium as well as the incubation conditions and time. Biofilmforming microbes are a common cause of complicated and recurrent diseases, and they are usually linked to multidrug-resistant bacteria, which account for nearly 80% of all refractory nosocomial infections. Medical device- and tissue-associated biofilm infections are two types of biofilm infections. Understanding the pathogenesis and factors that contribute to biofilm formation, as well as the disruption and dispersal mechanisms of biofilms, will aid in the development of improved anti-biofilm strategies. Overall, this literature review can serve as a single source of information about microbial biofilm formation and mitigation strategies, which could be extremely useful to biofilm researchers.Item Biological Treatment of Textile Effluent Using Candida zeylanoides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Soil.(Advances in Biology, 2014) Aransiola, S.A.This study evaluates the efficacy of yeasts isolated from soil in the treatment of textile wastewater. Two yeast species were isolated from soil; they were identified as Candida zeylanoides and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The yeasts were inoculated into fask containing effluent and incubated for 15 days. Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed the most significant treatment capacity with a 66% reduction in BOD; this was followed closely by Candida zeylanoides with 57.3% reduction in BOD and a consortium of the two species showed the least remediation potential of 36.9%. The use of Saccharomy cescerevisiae and Candida zeylanoides in treatment of textile waste water will help to limit the adverse environmental and health implications associated with disposal of untreated effluent into water bodies.Item Biosorption of Chromium by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Waste Dump Site.(Expert Opin Environl Biol, 2015) Aransiola, S.A.This study focused on biosorption of Chromium using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis. The study was performed by varying the parameters that determine the efficiency of biosorption, i.e. pH, biomass concentration, metal concentration, temperature and contact time. The results obtained shows that higher percentage of Chromium biosorption was recorded with Bacillus subtilis. The optimum value for each of the parameters was obtained in the following order; for pH, optimum value was 4.0, with highest biosorption percentage of 80.6 and 86.7% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Highest biosorption percentage of 83.0 and 86.7% were recorded at concentration of 2ml for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively for biomass concentration. Chromium concentration produced 73.6 and 86.7% highest biosorption at 5ppm for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Temperature showed highest biosorption of 83.0 and 86.7% at 37oC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. Contact time was also varied and found to have been optimum in Chromium biosorption 14th day with sorption of 73.3 and 86.7% for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis respectively. The result shows the efficacy of biosorption of Chromium by the isolated organisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis) in bioremediation of Chromium polluted water, thus, is suitable for future application.Item Biosorption of Lead by Bacteria Isolated from Abattoir Wastewater.(Nigerian Journal of Technological Research, 2021) Aransiola, S.A.Six bacteria were isolated from abattoir wastewater collected from Minna central abattoir. Lead tolerant bacteria were isolated from the wastewater. The isolates were then characterized on the basis of their colonial appearance and reaction to various biochemical tests. The lead tolerance profile of the isolates was carried out using agar diffusion method, with concentrations of Lead nitrate ranging from 50-250 mg/L. Two resistant isolates identified as species of Bacillus and Neisseria were selected for biosorption studies. Lead concentration was determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The lead biosorption capacity of the two isolates was studied by inoculating 2 mL of 24 hours old bacteria suspension in 50mL Nutrient broth, containing varying concentrations of lead (500 and 1000 mg/L) at varying pH (7 and 8), with representative samples being withdrawn at day 4, 8 and 12. The results showed that highest biosorption rate was recorded on day 10, at pH 7, in solution containing 500 mg/L of lead with 75.3% and 66% by Bacillus sp. and Neisseria sp. respectively. These results show that Bacillus sp. had better sorption capacity than Neisseria sp. Both organisms can be used for the removal of lead.Item Biotechnology for bioenergy production: current status, challenges, and prospects(Elsevier, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.The ever-increasing human population and industrialization has increased the energy demands globally. This has resulted in several challenges such as depletion of fossil fuels, environmental degradation, and erratic energy supply. Therefore, there is a great need to enhance energy generation in a sustainable manner to fulfill the demand of energy and subsequently safeguard against the related challenges. Hence, ecofriendly approaches are significant. Bioenergy has received an exceptionally noticeable attention; it has emerged as a feasible and sustainable alternative to the conventional modes of energy generation involving fossil fuels because it mitigates against undesirable effects of greenhouse gas emissions produced by fossil fuels since it utilizes lignocellulosic biomass and wastes. Biotechnology is a promising technology that has revolutionized the field of bioenergy production, enabling considerable improvement in the yield, quality, and sustainability of bioenergy products. The major bioenergies produced are bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas. Commonly, bioenergy is produced mainly through saccharification and fermentation processes using different microorganisms including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and algae. Modern biotechnological techniques such as genetic engineering, recombinant DNA technology, and metabolic engineering are utilized to modify the genetic characteristics of energy-producing plants to enhance the biomass yield and also increase the quality of the bioenergy. However, the combination of multiple genetic engineering technologies is considered the best for optimizing and obtaining the desired bioenergy. This chapter examined the current status, challenges, and future prospects of biotechnology in bioenergy production and also discussed the associated challenges and opportunities.Item Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles to Bypass the Blood-Brain Barrier for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases: A Review(Pacific Journal of Medical Sciences,, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.Neurological disorders are increasing exponentially and at an alarming rate, affecting great number of people globally. Normal functioning of the central nervous system (CNS) depends on the blood-brain barrier's (BBB) integrity. Therapeutic amount of some drugs cannot reach the brain; therefore majority of effective pharmaceuticals that have been produced for the treatment of neurological illnesses have subpar therapeutic results. Due to lack of targeted drug delivery mechanism, there is a large concentration of these drugs in the body's essential organs, and this might be harmful to the body. To surmount this challenge, patients are given high doses of medication in an effort to reach the brain more quickly, which ultimately causes off-target organ toxicity. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop effective treatments for neurological disorders. Nano systems for drug delivery have been investigated because of their targeting capabilities. Chitosan is a natural polymer that is frequently used to create drug delivery nano-systems. Because of its special qualities, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mucoadhesive properties, it enables targeted therapy without posing any hazardous risks. Recently, drug delivery nano-systems, hydrogels, and scaffolds made of chitosan have been employed to treat several neurological conditions. This review will concentrate on brain-targeting nanoparticles made of chitosan.Item Crude Oil Biodegradation Potential of Lipase Produced by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil(Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.Microbial biodegradation of oil pollutants and their derivatives has become the most environmental-friendly method in the developing world. The aim of this study was to evaluate crude oil biodegradation potential of lipase produced by indigenous bacteria from oil contaminated soil. Indigenous bacteria isolates were identified as species of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the isolates were able to produce lipase as revealed in their zone of clearance on tween 80 agar plates and the presence of lipase produced by the two bacteria were further confirmed using spectrophotometric analyses. Lipase produced by B. subtilis showed maximal lipase activity at pH 8 and 40 while the enzyme produced by P. aeruginosa showed maximal lipase activity (U/mL) at pH 8 and 50 when subjected to various pH and temperature respectively. Lipase produced by B. subtilis recorded 8.11 ± 0.70 of crude oil degradation in mineral salt medium within 28 days, while that of P. aeruginosa recorded 15.6 ± 0.03 of crude oil biodegradation. The GC–MS analysis of the crude oil treatment showed complete mineralization of several compounds, and also showed peak reduction which indicates lipase efficiency in the degradation of hydrocarbons. As revealed by GC–MS analysis, out of the 8 hydrocarbons identified in an undegraded oil, 5 were completely degraded by the enzyme activities while 2 (toluene and methyl, cyclopentane) were identified with hydrocarbons treated with lipase. The enzymes produced by B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa can serve as useful product for bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil.Item Effects of Soil Contaminants on Soil Microbiome(Springer Cham, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.The soil microbiome, which comprises diverse microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea; which play a fundamental role in ecosystem functions, from primary production to carbon storage. Likewise, soil microbiomes influence vital processes such as nutrient cycling and water regulation. However, soil health is under threat by different factors, including industrialization, population growth, climate change, and human activities such as erosion and pollution. Heavy metals, hydrocarbons and other contaminants from anthropogenic activities alter microbial communities, harming vital soil functions such as nutrient cycling and the decomposition of organic matter. Additionally, contaminants such as pesticides and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons alter the composition of the microbiome, hindering its ability to biodegrade. For centuries, scholars have explored soil microbiomes using ‘omics’ technologies to understand their genetic and biochemical makeup. Interaction mechanisms between soil microbiomes and contaminants reveal microbial capabilities to detoxify, sequester or degrade contaminants. Certain bacteria, such as rhizobacteria, that promote plant growth, help in metal chelation, nutrient solubilization and promotion of root growth, mitigating polluting effects. Efforts to restore soil microbiomes are supported by a variety of innovative and effective techniques that seek to comprehensively combat environmental pollution. These strategies range from approaches that use the biological activity of microorganisms to methods that take advantage of the ability of plants to absorb and detoxify soil. Such approaches, developed with the common goal of improving soil quality and mitigating environmental impacts, represent a constantly evolving field of study and exploration of new sustainable solutions for the restoration of terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the intricate relationship between soil microbiomes and contaminants is vital to designing effective strategies to restore soil health and ensure environmental sustainability. Taking advantage of the diverse capacities of the microorganisms present in the soil, the impacts of pollution could be reduced, in order to preserve the vital functions of terrestrial ecosystems. Keeping in view of the importance of soil microbiome in environmental sustainability, following topics were deeply discussed in this chapter: (i) fundamentals of the soil microbiome, (ii) Impact of soil contaminants on microbiome diversity, (iii) mechanisms of interaction of the soil microbiome on contaminants, (iv) rhizobacteria as plant growth promoters (PGPR) in soil pollution mitigation, and (v) tool and strategies for the restoration of the soil microbiome.Item In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Jatropha curcas Seed Extract.(International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 2011) Aransiola, S.A.The antimicrobial effects of the methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane extracts of J.curcas seed at concentration ranging from 50-200mg/ml were tested against some pathogenic organisms using agar diffusion method; the extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with the zones of inhibition ranging from 10-25, 8-23, 10-20 and 12-21(mg/ml) for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albican, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) which ranges from 3.13-12.5mg/ml was determined using the broth dilution method; the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) ranges from 25-2.25mg/ml. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloid, glycosides,flavonoid and carbohydrate. The ability of the crude seed extracts of J.curcas to inhibit bacteria and fungi is an indication of its broad spectrum antimicrobial potential which may be employed in the management of microbial infections. It is necessary to determine the active dosage level so as to be able to formulate it into a pharmaceutical dosage for use in chemotherapy.Item Marine Greens: Roles in Climate Change and Global Warming Mitigations.(CRC Press, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.The world has been witnessing an unprecedented release of greenhouse gas emissions, notably CO2 (which accounts for 68% of greenhouse gases), into the environment, especially from anthropogenic sources. This has had a deleterious impact on different ecosystems and even humans. Different strategies, including physical methods such as ocean storage, biochar burial, and geological sequestration; chemical methods such as chemical scrubbing and mineral carbonization; and biological land-based processes such as agriculture, reforestation, and photosynthetic microorganisms, have been explored with little success. In order to curb this menace, ocean-based strategies using two major types of marine greens (macro- and microalgae) have been highlighted to play crucial roles in mitigating climate change and global warming. Marine greens are excellent at sequestering carbon from the environment. Marine greens play crucial roles in mitigating climate change and global warming by capturing carbon from stationary sources, which can then be used to produce useful chemicals and even generate energy.Item Microbial and Heavy Metal of Contaminated Soil Using Melissa officinalis L.(International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2021) Aransiola, S.A.In Nigeria and other part of the world, heavy metal pollutions are becoming increasingly common. Heavy metals are natural elements of the environment. This research was designed to remediate a heavy metal polluted environment of Angwa Kawo (AK) in Rafi Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria with M. officinalis L. Microbial loads of the soil was monitored and the bacterial counts ranges from 1.0±1.0 to 4.0±0.57 x105 cfu/g while the fungal counts has 0.33±0.33 to 2.0±0.57 x102 cfu/g. Physicochemical properties (Organic carbon, pH, Total nitrogen, Phosphorous, Organic matter, moisture, trace elements, Electrical conductivity, Exchangeable acidity and cationic exchange) of the soil were done using standard methods. The plant (M. officinalis L) mopped up heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb) and their concentration varied from 0.007 to 0.33 mg/kg, As (0.09 to 4.39 mg/kg) and Pb (0.07 to 10.35 mg/kg) respectively. The concentration of Cd in the residual soil varied from 0.026 to 0.58 mg/kg, As from 0.32 to 5.48 mg/kg, Pb from 5.88 to 12.37 mg/kg. Soil remediation was further confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, which revealed structural and morphological changes of the soil. Melissa offinalis L proved to have the potential to remediate heavy metal polluted soil as revealed in this study. and of UsingItem Microbial biotechnology for bioenergy: general overviews(Elsevier, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.Item Microbial Nanomaterial Synthesis: Types and Applications(Springer Singapore, 2023) Aransiola, S.A.The present chapter addresses synthesis of microbial nanomaterial, types, and applications. Nanomaterials can be made by combustion processes or can be purposely synthesized through scientific or engineering innovation to execute specific function. Production of nanomaterials through biogenic enzymatic processes has better quality compared to its counterpart produced via chemical processes. The biosynthesis of nanostructures involves a variety of biomolecules, including secondary metabolites, carbohydrates, and proteins released by different microbes. Extracellular polysaccharides aid the reduction of various metal ions and the stability of metal nanoparticles because proteins in bacterial membranes are crucial for titrating metal ions. Terpenoids and flavonoids, which are organic molecules, are efficient at stabilizing and sealing nanomaterials, which affect their overall composition, size, and form. Additionally, algae species and morphological diversity influence the secretion of nanostructures. Nanomaterials occupy a large surface area per volume ratio due to the arrangement of nanoscale size that contributed to their structures, together with indistinguishable proportions to biomolecules which enhance distinctive properties for numerous usages. Microbiologically produced nanomaterials offer a wide range of potential uses in a variety of industries, including agriculture, coatings, cosmetics, packaging, food, beverages, drug deliveries, bioremediation, biomedicine, diagnostics, and electronics production. Actually, scientists have started paying attention to this technology since the resulting nanoparticles displayed unique characteristics such as biocompatibility, a larger range of uses, cost-effective production techniques, and environmental sustainability. Additionally, a variety of natural biological resources, including plants, algae, fungi, actinomycetes, bacteria, viruses, and even secondary microbial metabolites, are utilized to manufacture nanoparticles.Item Microbiological and Sensory Attributes of Water Melon Juice and Watermelon-orange Juice Mix(Journal of Food Resource Science, 2015) Aransiola, S.A.Juice was produced from watermelon and stored at room (28±2°C) and refrigeration (8°C) temperatures and was analyzed for its microbiological and nutritional qualities. The total aerobic bacterial, coliform, mold and yeast counts increased with time. Total aerobic bacterial counts ranged from 1.5×102 to 3.6×103 for water melon juice (WM), 1.3×103 to 2.3×102 for water melon/orange juice mix (WO) and 1.0×103 to 2.9×102 for commercially packaged juice (ST). Coliform counts were 1.0×103 to 2.9×102 for WM, 2.1×102 to 2.3×103 for WO and no counts were recorded for ST, while the yeast counts ranged from 2.4×102 to 2.6×103 for WM, 2.4×103 to 3.2×103 for WO and 0 to 1.2×102 for ST. Bacteria isolated were Bacillus sp. Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella sp. and Pseudomonas sp., while the mold isolates were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Mucor sp. The yeast isolate was Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Vitamin C and total solid contents decreased with time while total titratable acidity and ash content increased on storage in freshly made juice samples, commercially packaged juice which served as a control showed negligible changes. The general acceptability tests revealed that the commercially packaged juice (ST) was preferred on account of taste and flavor while water melon juice (WM) was preferred based on colour. The water melon/orange juice mix (WO) was however, not preferred because of colour, flavor and taste.Item Phycoremediation of water contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from a mining site in Minna, Nigeria(European Journal of Biological Research, 2020) Aransiola, S.A.This study was designed to remediate water contaminated with heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and lead) using two green macroalgal species, Spirogyra and Cladophora. The results obtained from this study indicate that both macroalgae can be employed to adsorb and detoxify any of the three heavy metals from aqueous solution. However, it was also discovered from the study that Cladophora adsorbed and detoxified more of the cadmium and lead than arsenic as the organism had removal efficiency for cadmium and lead as 88.78% and 94.85% respectively meanwhile for arsenic it was only 23.10%. On the otherhand however, Spirogyra adsorbed more of arsenic than cadmium and lead as the organism had a record of 82.76% of arsenic compared to the 28.97% and 47.43% absorption forcadmium and lead respectively. It is therefore concluded based on the results of the present study that reclamation and reuse of water from public or industrial wastewater, or even from water contaminated as a result of precious metal mining is a huge possibility through the application of phycoremediation, using different species of micro and macroalgae.Item Phytochemical Screening, Proximate Analysis and Mineral Composition of Cassia occidentalis Seed Extract.(Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, 2011) Aransiola, S.A.Qualitative determination of chemical and nutritional composition of Cassia occidentalis, an underexploited crop seed in Nigeria, was carried out. Seeds of C. occidentalis were found to be rich in crude protein, carbohydrate, and mineral elements. Mineral analysis of C. occidentalis showed the seed as good source of antioxidant micronutrients such as iron, calcium, potassium, sodium and magnessium. The phytochemical screening of the seed showed the presence of carbohydrate, terpene, steroid, sugar and tannins. Alkaloids, saponnins and glycosides were absent. Although the oil has a very low peroxide value and high iodine value, it cannot be recommended for consumption because of the low yield as well as its repulsive odour. The seed, however, can serve as a cheap source of protein, energy, as well as antioxidant micronutrients supplements in both man and animal.Item Production of laccase by Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger for treatment of textile effluent(Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment, 2025) Aransiola, S.A.The improper disposal of textile effluents without effective treatment has adverse environmental, social, economic, and health impacts and as such, it is vital to find innovative technological solutions to reduce the negative consequences of textile effluents. Laccases are versatile multicopper enzymes found in plants, fungi and other microorganisms with wide applications especially in the textile and paper industry. This study examined the production of laccase from Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger to remediate textile effluent. Both organisms were identified by molecular method and plate test method was used to evaluate laccase production by the two organisms. Rice bran emerged as the substrate of choice for laccase production. At optimum temperature (30°C), the highest laccase produced was 0.522 U/mL and 0.642 U/mL at 35°C for B. subtilis and A. niger respectively. The optimum pH level of 5 and 6 produced the highest laccase yield of 0.583 U/mL and 0.684 U/mL respectively. Significant improvements of laccases from B. subtilis and A. niger were observed on physicochemical analysis of TDS, pH, electrical conductivity, TSS, temperature and DO in treating textile effluent. Notably, these enzymes exhibited remarkable efficacy reduction in BOD (38 %), COD (14 %), and nitrate (23 %) levels in the effluent. The study underscores the efficacy of laccases from the microorganisms in treating textile effluent, with concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 U/mL proving effective. However, laccase produced from B. subtilis showed more remediation potential in textile effluent treatment compared to the one produced by A. nigerItem Remediation Approaches in Environmental Sustainability(CRC press, 2023) Aransiola, S.A.The existence of environment is as aged as nature; it is a collective term used to describe the space in which organisms flourish and turn into living avenue of existence to all living and non-living things. Several changes due to planetary system alteration consequently evoke hazards to life. This had prompted a fundamental approach to mediate and sustain the environment. Sustainable development is a logical process of employing natural resources with respect to environmental equity concept, together with resolutions of social equity to achieve revitalization of the environment. This chapter considers environmental pollution to be the consequence of poor management of waste disposal both in industries and homes. Also, elaborated ethical concern vis-à-vis remediation technology as a tool to revive environment and an intervention to global warming. An insight to green remediation technology in environmental sustainability was reviewed. Decarbonization through renewable energies, to restore earth to her natural state, renewable form of energy should be the first approach to be considered. Capturing and storage of carbon is another efficient remediation technique for decarbonization in industrial zones; afforestation and reforestation technology was suggested to bring nature normalcy. Mitigation of global warming through forestation offers many advantages such as biodiversity, control of food, and enhancement of soil, water, and air quality.