Department of Geography & Environmental Management.

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Browsing Department of Geography & Environmental Management. by Author "Nwankwo, B.B."

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    Atlas of Childhood Diseases and Distribution of Health Facilities in Northern Nigeria
    (Chrifix World International, 2022) Mundi, R.; Panse, D.S.; Ishaya, S.; Nwankwo, B.B.; Adenyuma, M.
    Infectious diseases have been the major causes of death in children and adults killing them before they had a chance to die of something else. The major diseases of children in Nigeria and other part of Africa are malaria, diarrhea, respiratory diseases, particularly pneumonia, and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (United Nations Children Fund, 2012). Other diseases include preterm complications, typhoid fever, yellow fever, meningitis, neonatal sepsis, measles, congenital abnormality, tetanus, pertussis, scabies/boils chickenpox, diphtheria, influenza. measles. polio. whooping cough among others. This atlas presents the prevalence of diseases among children of under-age five years in Northern Nigeria as well as the distribution of Health facilities in sampled states.. The mapping of variation in the prevalence of childhood diseases among children under five years in Northern Nigeria and the mapping of spatial distribution of health facilities in sampled states will help in allocating scarce resources for public health interventions. The spatial scope of this study was limited to Northern Nigeria consisting of the North-East, North-West and North-Central geo-political regions of the country. Northern Nigeria is located within latitudes 09°N and 13°N and longitudes 03°E and 15°E having a total land mass of 660,000km2. In the Northern end, it is bounded by Niger and Chad Republics, Benin Republic in the West and Northern Cameroon in the East. Northern Nigeria is made up of three Geopolitical zones (North-Central, North-East and North-West zones) consisting of 19 States in all as shown in Figure 1.1. The North-Central Zone consists of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Benue, Plateau, Kogi, Nasarawa, Niger and Kwara States. The North-East Zone consists of Bauchi, Gombe, Borno, Yobe Taraba and Adamawa States while the North-West Zone consists of Kebbi, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina.Zamfara, Jigawa, and Sokoto States. The States involved in the study in each geo-political zone were FCT, Benue State and Kwara State (North-Central), Gombe and Adamawa States (North-East) and Kebbi State and Kaduna State (North-West) (Figure 1.2).
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    Childhood Diseases Mapping In Northern Nigeria
    (Uniabuja Press, 2022) Mundi, R.; Panse, D.S.; Ishaya,S.; Nwankwo, B.B.; Adenyuma, M.
    Infectious diseases have been the major causes of death in children and adults - killing them before they had a chance to die of something else. The major diseases of children in Nigeria and other part of Africa are malaria, diarrhoea, respiratory diseases, particularly pneumonia, and Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (United Nations Children Fund, 2000). Other diseases include chickenpox, diphtheria, influenza, measles, meningitis, polio, whooping cough among others. Most of these diseases are preventable, for example, malaria, pneumonia, diarrhoea, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and tuberculosis. Unfortunately, they are still killing children in large numbers. Pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria were responsible for approximately 29 per cent of global deaths among children under the age of 5 in 2018 (https://www.unicef.org/health/childhood-diseases). Except for some descriptive reports by National Statistics Offices of most countries; few systematic studies of factors that influence the prevalence of these diseases among young children in these countries were carried out (www.bioline.org.br/request). Data from the Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2013), indicates that under-five mortality rates are higher in Northern than Southern Nigeria. The North-West records the highest rate of 185 deaths per 1000 live births, followed by the North-East and the North-Central with 160 deaths and 100 deaths per 1000 live births in that order, while the South-East, South-South and South-West record 131, 091 and 90 deaths per 1000 live births respectively (NPC and ICF International, 2014). The report further shows that mortality rates are influenced by socioeconomic, environmental and cultural factors. This study has a dual purpose; First it identifies significant childhood diseases and describes the demographic, socio-cultural, economic and environmental factors responsible for the childhood diseases and mortality from the perspectives of health personnel, mothers and caregivers, and second, we produced maps showing the spatial distribution of health facilities in Northern Nigeria. In line with this goal, the report describes the commonly reported childhood diseases and the demographic, socio-cultural, and economic characteristics of the study population. It explores differences in the characteristics of the target population in relation to the prevalence of childhood morbidity and mortality in the region using tables and maps. The mapping of variation in risk of child morbidity can help improve the targeting of scarce resources for public health interventions. Bearing in mind that direct mapping of relevant environmental risk factors (which may vary considerably in both space and time) is difficult, we relied on investigations of environmental proxies.