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Microbial and Heavy Metal of Contaminated Soil Using Melissa officinalis L.
(International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 2021) Aransiola, S.A.
In Nigeria and other part of the world, heavy metal pollutions are becoming increasingly common. Heavy metals are natural elements of the environment. This research was designed to remediate a heavy metal polluted environment of Angwa Kawo (AK) in Rafi Local Government Area, Niger State, Nigeria with M. officinalis L. Microbial loads of the soil was monitored and the bacterial counts ranges from 1.0±1.0 to 4.0±0.57 x105 cfu/g while the fungal counts has 0.33±0.33 to 2.0±0.57 x102 cfu/g. Physicochemical properties (Organic carbon, pH, Total nitrogen, Phosphorous, Organic matter, moisture, trace elements, Electrical conductivity, Exchangeable acidity and cationic exchange) of the soil were done using standard methods. The plant (M. officinalis L) mopped up heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb) and their concentration varied from 0.007 to 0.33 mg/kg, As (0.09 to 4.39 mg/kg) and Pb (0.07 to 10.35 mg/kg) respectively. The concentration of Cd in the residual soil varied from 0.026 to 0.58 mg/kg, As from 0.32 to 5.48 mg/kg, Pb from 5.88 to 12.37 mg/kg. Soil remediation was further confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, which revealed structural and morphological changes of the soil. Melissa offinalis L proved to have the potential to remediate heavy metal polluted soil as revealed in this study. and of Using
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Phycoremediation of water contaminated with arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from a mining site in Minna, Nigeria
(European Journal of Biological Research, 2020) Aransiola, S.A.
This study was designed to remediate water contaminated with heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and lead) using two green macroalgal species, Spirogyra and Cladophora. The results obtained from this study indicate that both macroalgae can be employed to adsorb and detoxify any of the three heavy metals from aqueous solution. However, it was also discovered from the study that Cladophora adsorbed and detoxified more of the cadmium and lead than arsenic as the organism had removal efficiency for cadmium and lead as 88.78% and 94.85% respectively meanwhile for arsenic it was only 23.10%. On the otherhand however, Spirogyra adsorbed more of arsenic than cadmium and lead as the organism had a record of 82.76% of arsenic compared to the 28.97% and 47.43% absorption forcadmium and lead respectively. It is therefore concluded based on the results of the present study that reclamation and reuse of water from public or industrial wastewater, or even from water contaminated as a result of precious metal mining is a huge possibility through the application of phycoremediation, using different species of micro and macroalgae.
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Remediation Approaches in Environmental Sustainability
(CRC press, 2023) Aransiola, S.A.
The existence of environment is as aged as nature; it is a collective term used to describe the space in which organisms flourish and turn into living avenue of existence to all living and non-living things. Several changes due to planetary system alteration consequently evoke hazards to life. This had prompted a fundamental approach to mediate and sustain the environment. Sustainable development is a logical process of employing natural resources with respect to environmental equity concept, together with resolutions of social equity to achieve revitalization of the environment. This chapter considers environmental pollution to be the consequence of poor management of waste disposal both in industries and homes. Also, elaborated ethical concern vis-à-vis remediation technology as a tool to revive environment and an intervention to global warming. An insight to green remediation technology in environmental sustainability was reviewed. Decarbonization through renewable energies, to restore earth to her natural state, renewable form of energy should be the first approach to be considered. Capturing and storage of carbon is another efficient remediation technique for decarbonization in industrial zones; afforestation and reforestation technology was suggested to bring nature normalcy. Mitigation of global warming through forestation offers many advantages such as biodiversity, control of food, and enhancement of soil, water, and air quality.
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Citric Acid Production by Aspergillus niger Cultivated on Parkia biglobosa Fruit Pulp
(Internationally Scholarly Research Notices, 2014) Aransiola, S.A
The study was conducted to investigate the potential of Parkia biglobosa fruit pulp as substrate for citric acid production by Aspergillus niger. Reducing sugar was estimated by 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid and citric acid was estimated spectrophotometrically using pyridine‐acetic anhydride methods. The studies revealed that production parameters (pH, inoculum size, substrate concentration, incubation temperature, and fermentation period) had profound effect on the amount of citric acid produced. The maximum yield was obtained at the pH of 2 with citric acid of 1.15 g/L and reducing sugar content of 0.541 mMol−1, 3% vegetative inoculum size with citric acid yield of 0.53 g/L and reducing sugar content of 8.87 mMol−1, 2% of the substrate concentration with citric acid yield of 0.83 g/L and reducing sugar content of 9.36 mMol−1, incubation temperature of 55°C with citric acid yield of 0.62 g/L and reducing sugar content of 8.37 mMol−1, and fermentation period of 5 days with citric acid yield of 0.61 g/L and reducing sugar content of 3.70 mMol−1. The results of this study are encouraging and suggest that Parkia biglobosa pulp can be harnessed at low concentration for large scale citric acid production.
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Crude Oil Biodegradation Potential of Lipase Produced by Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil
(Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, 2024) Aransiola, S.A.
Microbial biodegradation of oil pollutants and their derivatives has become the most environmental-friendly method in the developing world. The aim of this study was to evaluate crude oil biodegradation potential of lipase produced by indigenous bacteria from oil contaminated soil. Indigenous bacteria isolates were identified as species of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the isolates were able to produce lipase as revealed in their zone of clearance on tween 80 agar plates and the presence of lipase produced by the two bacteria were further confirmed using spectrophotometric analyses. Lipase produced by B. subtilis showed maximal lipase activity at pH 8 and 40 while the enzyme produced by P. aeruginosa showed maximal lipase activity (U/mL) at pH 8 and 50 when subjected to various pH and temperature respectively. Lipase produced by B. subtilis recorded 8.11 ± 0.70 of crude oil degradation in mineral salt medium within 28 days, while that of P. aeruginosa recorded 15.6 ± 0.03 of crude oil biodegradation. The GC–MS analysis of the crude oil treatment showed complete mineralization of several compounds, and also showed peak reduction which indicates lipase efficiency in the degradation of hydrocarbons. As revealed by GC–MS analysis, out of the 8 hydrocarbons identified in an undegraded oil, 5 were completely degraded by the enzyme activities while 2 (toluene and methyl, cyclopentane) were identified with hydrocarbons treated with lipase. The enzymes produced by B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa can serve as useful product for bioremediation of crude oil contaminated soil.